TheObjectClause(Revision)TheObjectClause(宾语从句)(Revision一)宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体,从句仅仅是主句的一个成分,它从属于主句,不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分,就叫什么从句。宾语句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。宾语从句是中考的重点语法项目,其主要的考试形式出现在“选择填空和改写句子”中宾语从句在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:Iknowtheman.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.主句引导词从句宾语由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what和疑问副词where,when,why,how引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.(一小时后他会回来)1.Hesaid(that)______________________.(他非常想念我们)3.Iamsure(that).(他会成功)hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchhewillsucceed注:陈述句用that引导。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:◆Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.◆Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.(二)由疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which和疑问副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些疑问代词和疑问副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.Canyoutellmewherethebusstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题)2.Doyouknow_________________________.(他们在等谁)3.Canyoutellme______________.(他在哪儿)4.Couldyoutellme______________________.(我该怎么去车站)5.Wouldyoutellme______________.(为什么火车迟到了)whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate练习(三)由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:·Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.·Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.e.g.1.Iwanttoknow__________________________________.(他是否跟我们一起去公园)2.Askhim_____________________.(他是否能来)3.Idon’tknow___________________________.(是否要下雨)if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot(一般疑问句用whether或if引导)注意:当句末为ornot时,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.注意以下情况只用whether,不用if。1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用。如:正:Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.误:Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.2.当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。如:正:Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.误:Ifitistrueornot,Ican’ttell.3.whether可以引导带to的不定式。如:正:Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.误:Idon’tknowiftoacceptorrefuse.4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。如:正:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.误:IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings.if既能引导条件状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下。如:Iwon’tgoifitrainstomorrow,(条件状语从句)Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.(宾语从句)if表示“如果,要是”if表示“是否”二.宾语从句的语序Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:(三)宾语从句的时态注意:★Ithink(that)youareright.★Pleasetelluswhereheis.★CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不受影响。例如:注意:例如:◆Heaskedwhattimeitwas.◆Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.◆HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.A.soon.◆HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用。e.g.Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.■Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.一般现在时Exercise:将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid____theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.thatwerethattravels3)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.4)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.ifareplayingwhetherhehadfinishedhis主句为一般过去时态,从句的时态变化情况:从句由原来变为一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去进行时一、三类词引导的宾语从句:二、宾语从句的语序三、宾语从句的时态四、还有几种注意事项从属连词that疑问词:8个“W”,1个“H”从属连词whether/if1.Finishtheexercisesonthepaper.2.Reviewthemainpointsofthislesson■3.Rewiew“directspeech(直接引语)and(indirectspeech)间接引语”板书:复合句:主句+从句(一个或一个以上)一.宾语从句:宾语由句子充当1.that引导的宾语从句,引导陈述句,that可省略2.连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,why,when,how引导的宾语从句3.从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,引导一般疑问句4.注意:(1)whether…or/ornot(2)句首用whether(3)whether+todo(4)介词+whether5.If的两种含义(1)引导宾语从句:是否(2)引导状语从句:如果,要是二.宾语从句的语序:用陈述语序三、宾语从句的时态1.主句是一般现在时,从句时态不受影响2.主句是一般过去时,从句用相对应的过去时态,即从句原来变为一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→现在完成时3.若宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。5)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?6)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?howmanypeoplewecanseewhereshepark7)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.8)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow_____________atthedoorsoloudly.whathetalkedwhoknocked9)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.10)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.thatwouldbeiftheycanspeak1.Finishtheexercisesbelow.2.Reviewthemainpointsofthislesson■3.RewiewtheObjectClause(二)