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初中定语从句基础讲解•什么是定语从句呢？修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构：先行词+关系词+句子Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.先行词关系词定语从句Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.先行词____________________关系词___定语从句关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why先行词是人(n.)+who/that+从句先行词是物(n.)+that/which+从句Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.Ihaveanapplethatisred.修饰先行词anapple主语主语关系词that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ilikesomefriendswho/thatlikesports.修饰先行词friends主语主语关系词who/that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。Ilikethemusic.Icandancetothemusic.Ilikethemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.宾语宾语关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。Ilikethegirl.Youaretalkingtothegirl.Ilikethegirlwho(m)youaretalkingto.宾语宾语/that关系词who/that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。小结：•which－指___，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.•who－指___，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）•that－可指______，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。物人人或物关系代词who/that的作用：a.做代词，代替先行词b.在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语c.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.注意1.who和whomTheladywho/thatistalkingtomyteacherismymother.Theladywho/whom/thatmyteacheristalkingtoismymother.先行词在从句中做主语，用who/that先行词在从句中做宾语，用who/whom/thatwho是主格，whom是宾格注意2.什么时候可以省略关系代词Thegirlwho/whomissinginganEnglishsongisTom’ssister.Mr.Liuistheperson(who/whom/that)youtalkedaboutoften.总结：先行词在从句中做宾语，可以省略关系代词；先行词在从句中做主语，不可以省略关系代词。练习：判断Who/that在从句中担任主语还是宾语。•Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownsongs•HeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.•IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.•Ipreferasandwichthatisreallydelicious.主语宾语宾语主语3.whose作定语,表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.Haveyouseenabook_____coverisread?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what1Ihavesomefriendsthat_____(be)friendly.2.QiuWeizheisaboywho____(like)basketball.定语从句几点注意：（一）关系代词作主语时，从句的谓语动词的数由先行词决定。arelikes只能用that的几种情况1.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.2.Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.3.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?4.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.请自己总结哪四种情况只能用that不能用that的情况1)Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereismysister.Theboy,whoisverytall,ismycousin.在含有逗号的非限制性定语从句中，不能用that5.不能用that的情况2)Thewomanwho/whom/thatmyteacheristalkingtoismymother.=Thewomantowhommyteacheristalkingismymother.若将定语从句末尾的介词提到关系代词前，只能用which/whom,构成：介词+whom/介词+which思考：Thechildrenwho/whom/thatthenursetakescareofarehealthy.这个定语从句末尾的介词of不能提前，为什么？用who/that/which/whom填空。1.Ihaveabrother__________likessoccer.2.Tomdoesn’tlikemovies____________aretoolongandtooscary.3.Wepreferbands___________playloudandenergeticsongs.4.Helikesfriends_________oftenhelpeachother.who/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/that用who/that/which/whom填空。5.Ihaven’twatchedthemovie___________myfriendsaretalkingabout..6.Thewoman_______________myfatheristalkingtoismyEnglishteacher.7.Theteacherisangrywiththeboy________madeabigmistake.8.Thosearethesingers_________________wemetattheparty.which/that/省略who/whom/thatwho/thatwho/whom/that/省略用who/that/which/whom填空。9.Ican’tforgetthepeopleandtheplace________wevisitedlastmonth.10.Whoisthedoctor________willgiveusatalk?.11.Whichisthebook_____youwanttobuy?12.I’mtheonlyperson_______candothisjobright.13.Itisthemostdelicious_________Ihaveeverhad.14.Isthereanything_________Icandoforyou?15.Youarethefirstperson________tellsmethetruth.that/省略thatthatthatthat/省略thatthat下列情况只能用that1.序数词,形容词最高级,theonly,thevery,thelast修饰先行词时。eg.Youaretheverypersonthatcandoitright.2.当先行词是指物的anything,something,nothing,none,everything,等不定代词时。3.当先行词同时包括人或物时。eg.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweareinterestedin.我们常常谈论我们感兴趣的人或事。4.当主句是who或which引导的问句时。eg.Whoisthegirlthathasblacklonghair?eg.Whichisthepenthatyoubought?不能用that,也不能省略关系词的情况1.非限制性定语从句Theblueteam,whichisatthetopoftheleague,isn’tplayingwelltoday.（非限制性定语从句）FootballisagamewhichIlovebest.(限制性定语从句）2.关系词跟在介词后时ThisistheclassmatefromwhomIhavelearnetalot.Thisistheroominwhichwelive.1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat•Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤儿).•A.whoB.whose•C.who’sD.which•Lookatthegirl____nameisLucy.•A.whoB.that•C.who’sD.whose