定语从句的判断以及基本用法

什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.Eg:thebluesea蓝色的海洋ahandsomeboy一个帅气的男孩Hegavemeabasketfullofeggs.装满鸡蛋的篮子Let’sgosomewherequiet.安静的地方1.Themanisaworker.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,thatwho,whom,whoseWhere,whenShewasthepersonwhowrotethisgreatbook.先行词关系词主句定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词(theantecedent)。引导定语从句的词叫关系词(theguideword)。Step1：找谓语动词•Myambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware.Step2:判断句式•判断句子是简单句(只有一个主谓结构)，并列句(由并列连词and,but,or等连接)还是复合句(由从属连词引导)•Myambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware.复合句thatStep3：找从句及主句•从句也有主语和谓语部分，从句须由一个关联词引导，起到联系从句和主句的作用。•关联词之后的主谓结构与关联词构成从句。•Myambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware.从句thatdevelopscomputersoftwareStep4：判断从句类型•根据从句在句子中充当的成分来判断从句类型。•Myambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware.名词充当先行词thatdevelopscomputersoftware定语从句•ProfessorSmithwhohasreturnedfromHarvardUniversitywillgivealectureonBritishliteratureinthelecturehalltomorrow.•ThisisthebiggestchangethatIhaveexperiencedsofar.•Thenovelthatyoulentmelastweekisreallyinterestingandtouching.whofromHarvardUniversitywhohasreturnedthatthatIhaveexperiencedsofarthatthatyoulentmelastweek定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语Whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom√√√√√√√√√√√√××××何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.⑤主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.⑥当先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.2.非限制性定语从句。Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.aboutthat(X)that(X)1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.二、关系副词关系副词：when，where，why（做状语）1.when先行词为时间名词作时间状语指时间,在从句中表示“在...时”、=in/on...+which3.why先行词为reason原因作原因状语指原因,在从句中表示因为...原因“=forwhich2.where先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene)作地点状语指地点,在从句中表示“在...地点=in/on...+which二、关系副词Istillremembertheday..=when(1)(2)onthedayIcamehere=onwhich我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。关系副词：whenIstillrememberthedayonwhich/whenIcamehere.Thisisthehouse.lastyear.=inwhich=whereIlivedinthehouse(1)(2)(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereIlivedlastyear.关系副词：where就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。Hegaveareason.=forwhich=why(1)(2)forthereason.peoplelikemusic(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。关系副词：whyHegaveareasonforwhich/whypeoplelikemusic.介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况3Helivesinalonelyvillage.Atthebackofitisahill.Helivesinalovelyvillage,atthebackof_____isahill.Hehasthreesisters.Allofthemareabroad.Hehasthreesisters,allof________areabroad.whichwhomJointhefollowingsentences:介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingaft