搜索
初中阅读理解做题技巧阅读材料题材：故事，寓言，人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文，新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信，图画，表格等具体考查的内容•1.推理题•2.词汇题•3.主旨题•4.细节理解题解题步骤一、快速阅读，读懂大意二、明确要求，逐一解答三、带着问题，重读文章解题技巧碰碰碰(一)推理判断题推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，设计面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。知识推断逻辑推理细节推断常见的推理判断题题干①Accordingtothepassage，what/whichis“……”?②Whichofthefollowingstatementis(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?③Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrue/correct/mentionedexcept...?④.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat...1.知识推断题知识推断：根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。Material1Tokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（蓝宝石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apolicesaid.Thejewelswasbeingshownin_____.A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseum2.逻辑结论推断题逻辑结论：指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的内涵。Material2Myfatherhaslittletimeforfilms.Butonedayashefinishedhiswork,hefoundafilmticketundertheglassonthedesk.Hewenttothecinemaquickly.Whenhewasseated,awomancametomyfatherandsaidtheseatwashers.TheybothtookouttheirticketsandfoundtheseatshownonthemwasRow8,Seat16.Afterlookingattheticketmorecarefully,myfathersaid,“Sorry,it’snottoday’sticket.”•Fromthispassagewecanknowthatthewriter’sfatherwas____________.careless3.细节推断为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题，如what,who,where,when,等，即“supportingdetails”。Material3•Whenthebellwasringing.Theboyscameintotheroom.Eachonehadabatoraball.Allhadredfaces.Theyweregladtogetintotheirseats.Theteachersaiditwastimetogetbacktowork.Whichofthefollowingsentenceisprobablytrue?A.Theclasswasover.B.Theboyshadjustcomebackfromplaying.C.Theteachertoldtheboystowork.B（二）词汇题及解题技巧•测试学生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。•标志是Theunderlinedword“…”inline…refersto…技巧•返回原文，找到该句子•结合上下文，理解该词意思•选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同，只是用其他词汇表达•正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后1.通过因果关系猜词借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.猜词题实例2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词1)同义词•and或or连接的词组e.g.happyandgay2)反义词•表转折关系的连词或副词，•如but，while，however,not等•Heissohomely，notas•handsomeashisbrother.3.通过构词法猜词1).前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。2).后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。3).后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，science、scientist，art、artist等。。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.5.通过句法功能来推测词义•Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.6.通过描述猜词ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.（三）主旨题及解题技巧•主旨要义•整体理解•概括能力•考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。•标志词有：“mainlyabout；mainlydiscuss；besttitle”等。技巧找主题句。主题句是归纳文章中心的句子•注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体•小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案常见提问：1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?2.Whatistheauthor’smainpoint?3.Whatisthesubjectofthispassage?4.Themainpurposeofthepassage?5.Thetitleofthispassagewouldbe____.Material1Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music”comesfromtheGreekword“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethespokenlanguage,butitusessounds.Today'sprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.Whoinventedmusic？Whosangthefirstsong？Nooneknowsexactlytheanswerstothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone'slife.Babiesandyoungchildrenlovetohearpeoplesingingtothem.Whentheyarealittleolder,theyliketosingthesongstheyhaveheard.Whenchildrengotoschool,theirworldofmusicgrows.Inthemiddlegradesstudentstakemusiclessons.Whentheyreachhighschool,theybecomeinterestedinlisteningtopopmusic.Question：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Togiveacompletebackgroundtomusic文章开头就说明今天的节目是关于音乐的，其后的句子都是围绕介绍音乐的。从音乐的起源，形式，作用到全世界的受人喜爱音乐，进行逐一说明。Material2•JoshnaBinghamstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HechangedtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchoolandlater,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyabusinesslawyerinMiami,Florida.•从以上这个段落，我们发现没有一个句子可以单独陈述该段落的主题，那么，作者写这个段落的目的是什么呢？通过仔细阅读和理解每个句子的意思之后，我们便可领悟，作者想告诉读者的是：JoshnaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.所以说这种文章（或段落）只能从文章的字里行间去理解作者的意图，这样才能推断出文章的主旨大意。（四）细节理解题本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。解题策略：1）对应性2）准确性3）区分性提问形式：•Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue／false？•Whichofthefollowingis（not）mentioned？•Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...ThanksforListening!