专题十三特殊句式(强调、倒装、省略、therebe)一、强调句定义:强调句是一种修辞方式,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。强调方式主要有以下几种结构:类型例句用助动词“do/does/did+动词原形”来强调谓语动词。Hedoesknowtheplacewell.Dowritetomewhenyougetthere.用形容词very,only,single,such,last等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。Thelastthingsheneededwasmorework.That’stheverytextbookweusedlastterm.YouaretheonlypersonherewhocanspeakChinese.Howdareyoubuysuchexpensivejewels?用倒装句(将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首)来加强语气。Onthetableweresomeflowers.ManyatimehaveIclimbedthathill.用强调句型:“Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+原句其他部分”。被强调的部分为“人”时用who/that,否则都用that。注意:被强调部分不能是谓语动词。ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.It’smewhoheblamed.Itwaswhatyoudidthatmademesatisfied.ItisIwho/thataminchargeofthefactory.用intheworld,onearth,atall等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句)。Whereintheworldcouldhebe?Whatonearthisit?【考点一】考查not...until结构的强调句,其结构为:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分。【即学即练】单项填空①It______wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks______Ifoundwehadalotincommon.A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that答案:D【考点二】考查复合句中的强调句型【即学即练】单项填空②Wasit_____hewasseriouslyillthathedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday?A.althoughB.thatC.becauseD.since③______hecamebackhomethatweknewwhathadhappened.A.WhenitwasB.ItwaswhenC.WasitwhenD.Whenwasit答案:②C③B【考点三】考查强调句的特殊疑问句其结构是:疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分,但这类句型如出现在宾语从句中,其结构为:疑问词+it+is/was+that+其他部分。WherewasitthatyoumettheFrenchman?【即学即练】单项填空④______electricityplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife?A.WhywasitthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhyisitD.Whyitisthat答案:B【难点一】正确判断强调句型用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整、正确。①Itwastheschoolgate____Imetanoldfriendofmineafterclass.②Wasitinthispalace______thelastemperordied?解析:强调句型的强调部分必须是对that/who之后句子的某一成分表示强调,如果把“Itis(was)...that”去掉,该句意思完整。题①如果去掉Itwas与横线部分,则成分不完整,theschoolgate前应该加上at才能作状语,才能构成强调句型,所以题①为定语从句应填where;题②若去掉Wasit与横线部分,句子完整,故应填that,为强调句型。【难点二】强调句型与Itis/was+时间+when/before从句;Itbe+时间+since从句;Itbelong...before...等句型的区别。用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整、正确①Itwasatmidnight______Igotbackhomeyesterday.②Itwasmidnight______Igotbackhomeyesterday.③Itistwoyears_____IbegantolearnEnglish.④Itmaybemanyyears_______thesituationimproves.解析:通过分析题干可知,题①是强调句型,被强调的是时间状语,空白处应填that;题②以名词的方式来表示时间,其后从句是when引导的定语从句;题③表示“自从……以来已有多久”,用since来引导;题④用的是“Itwas+时间段+before从句”表示“过了多长时间才……”。二、倒装句定义:为了强调、突出等目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。倒装句分为三种:完全倒装:指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。部分倒装:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。形式倒装:在语法上又被称为前置。它的特点是,只把强调的内容提置句首,主谓并不倒装。具体用法见下表:倒装类型例句部分倒装Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.完全倒装Upwenttherocketintotheair.Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.Ontopofthehillstandsatalltree.Herecomesthebus.形式倒装Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.【考点一】部分倒装部分倒装主要有以下几种情况:(1)句首状语为否定词(组)或半否定词(组)的句子。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,notonly,innoway,atnotime,few,not,no等。LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.(2)only+状语放在句首,要部分倒装。注意,only修饰主语不倒装。Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.(3)so/such...that结构中的so或such位于句首。Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.(4)“neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示“某人或某事亦非如此”;“so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示“某人或某事亦是如此”。注意:①当陈述部分既有肯定又有否定或者谓语动词既有实义动词又有助动词时,可用下面两个句型:Itisthesamewith...或Soitiswith...。Jackisastudentandhestudieshard.ItisthesamewithTom.②“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示“某人或某事确实如此”。—Iremindedyounottoforgettheappointment.—Soyoudid.(5)if引导的虚拟条件句含有were,had,should时,可省略if,再把were,should或had移到从句句首。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。Mayyousucceed!【考点二】完全倒装全部倒装即完全倒装有以下几种情况:(1)Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.(2)“Here/There/Now/Then+come(或be等)+主语”结构。①本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而Therebe句型中there本身没意义。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Therecomesthebus.②此句型中的主语必须是名词。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。Thereshecomes.(3)表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。但主语是代词时用部分倒装。IncameMrWhite.Awaywenttheboy.Outshewent.(4)表示地点的介词短语(如:onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.(5)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!(6)其他形式的完全倒装。PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.(形容词短语)Eastofthecityliesanewrailway.(副词短语)Firsttobecompletedwastheseven-storeyteachingbuilding.(不定式短语)Gonearethedayswhenmyheartwasyoungandgay.(过去分词)Lyingonthefloorwasaboyaged15.(现在分词短语)三、省略句省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句,这种语法现象称为“省略”。其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断。省略用法见下表:省略类型例句不定式的省略Hemayleaveifhewishesto.Iprefernotto.状语从句中的省略While(youare)cycling,don’tforgetthetrafficlights.Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.Whenever(itis)possible,hewillcometomyhelp.so,not替代词的省略Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot,youwillmissthefirstbus.Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso,leavehimanote.【考点一】考查状语从句的省略在以when,while,if,asif,though(although),as,whether,once,whenever等连词引导的状语从句中,若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be动词时,常省略从句的主语和be,引导词后直接跟不定