龙舌兰介绍

TEQUILA龙舌兰TequilaIsaMexicanspirit,madeofacactusplant.Itisservedstraightwithsaltandlemon,orasalongdrinkorcocktail.龙舌兰酒墨西哥产。由发酵的龙舌兰汁蒸馏制得。此种龙舌兰与仙人掌相似，在美国作为百年植物或美洲千手兰而出名。此种龙舌兰的汁液称为龙舌兰酒。培植此种龙舌兰植物的最佳土壤和气候带在加利斯科地区的特其拉城周围。只有墨西哥特其拉城附近生产的龙舌兰酒方享有其名，在其它地方，它被叫做龙舌兰酵汁。What’stequila,Specificoftequila?什么是特其拉酒？特其拉的特点？特其拉是以龙舌兰为原料酿造蒸馏而成的烈性酒我们通常能够见到无色特其拉酒为非陈年特其拉酒。金黄色特其拉酒为短期陈酿，而在橡木桶中陈年1--15年的特其拉老酒颜色呈深褐色。TequilaTequilaisMexico,saidCarmelitaRoman,widowofthelatetequilaproducerJesusLopezRomaninaninterviewafterherhusband'smurder.It'stheonlyproductthatidentifiesusasaculture.“特其拉酒就代表了墨西哥，代表了墨西哥的文化。Onewordoftequila关于特其拉酒Allliquorsdistilledfromanyagaveplantaremezcal,butonlythosemadefromtheblueagavearebrandedasTequila,alltheothersaremezcal.ThemostfamousmezcalisdistilledfromavarietyofagavegrowninthestateofOaxacainsouthernMexico,andthefinestcomesfromthewild.所有由龙舌兰科植物蒸馏酿造的酒是mezcal麦斯卡尔酒,只有由蓝色龙舌兰科植物蒸馏酿造的酒才能叫特其拉酒。最著名的麦斯卡尔酒产自于墨西哥南部的奥萨卡城。TEQUILAANDMEZCAL特其拉酒与麦斯卡尔酒BottommapatrightshowsGuadalajara,thecapitalofJaliscowiththebestknowntequilaproducingtowns:Tequila,ElArenalandAmatitánlocatedafewmileswestofGuadalajara,andtheregioninLosAltosorhighlandseastofGuadalajarathatincludesAtotonilco,TepatitlánandArandas.中间的地图显示了各个酿造特其拉的地区。THETEQUILAREGION特其拉酒产区TopmapattoprightshowstheoriginaltequilaregionlocatedmainlyaroundthetownofTequila上边的地图显示特其拉城的特其拉酒产区ThemapbelowshowstheTequilaRegionasapprovedbytheSecretaryofEconomy.下面的地图显示生产特其拉的地区ThereisnoworminMexican-bottledtequila.Yes,someAmerican-bottledbrand(s)putoneintheirbottletoimpressthegringosandboostsales,butit‘sonlyamarketingployandnotaMexicantradition传统的特其拉酒里是没有虫子的，这只是美国的一些牌子的促销手段。Somethingabouttheworm关于特其拉酒里的虫子Thereare136speciesofagaveinMexico,ofwhichtheblueagave-agavetequilanaweberazul-istheonlyoneallowedforuseintequilaproduction在墨西哥有136种龙舌兰植物，只有蓝色的龙舌兰可酿造特其拉酒Abouttheplane关于植物1.Theprocessoftequilabeginswhenablueagaveplantisripe,usually8to12yearsafteritisplanted.Leavesarechoppedawayfromitscore当蓝色龙舌兰科植物种植了8到10年后就可以用来酿造特其拉酒了。把叶子都裁掉。Howtomake?如何酿造？2.Iftheplantisharvestedtoosoon,therewon'tbeenoughsugarstodothejob.Toolateandtheagave'ssugarswillhavealreadybeenusedtoformaonce-in-a-lifetimestemquiotethatsprings25to40feethighsothattheseedsgrownatthetopofthestemcanscatterwiththewind收成太早时植物就会变得不够糖份，但如果太晚又会被叶子吸收了而长得很高。Howtomake?如何酿造？3.Oncethejimador'decidesthattheplantisready,hewieldsaspeciallongknifeknownasacoatoclearthecore.Thecoresorpiñas(Spanishforpineapple)weightanaverageof40to70pounds,andcanweightupto200pounds当酿酒师觉得是时候收割了，他会使用长得刀子来清理植物，剩下果芯，果芯叫做piñas，西班牙语菠萝的意思，平均重大概40到70磅，有的会长到200磅以上。Howtomake?如何酿造？Howtomake?如何酿造？Thejimadorclearthecore酿酒师清理植物果芯4.Piñasarehauledtothedistillerywheretheyarecutinhalforchoppedandputtoroast.Starchesturntosugarasthepiñasareroastedinfurnacescalledhornos.Moderndistilleriesusehugesteamovenstoincreaseoutputandsaveonenergy.Roughlyspeaking,sevenkilos(15lb.)ofagavepiñaareneededtoproduceoneliter(onequartU.S.)oftequila.清理好的植物果芯会再剁成小块再放入大的容器里烘烤，现今有些公司会用大的容器来烘烤更安全一点，一般15磅的龙舌兰可酿造1升的特其拉酒。RoastthePina1.Theroastedpiñasarethenshredded,theirjuicespressedoutandplacedinfermentingtanksorvats.Somedistilleriesusethetraditionalmethodtoproducetequila.Inthismethod–artesiantequila–thecoresarecrushedwithastonewheelatagrindingmillcalledtahonaFermentation发酵烘烤过的植物接着可以弄成丝，放入发酵容器内，有些公司会用传统的酿制方法，用石磨来研碎植物。植物研碎后放入木制的发酵桶内去发酵，增加特别的风味，每个酿酒商都会有自己的酵母,自我保密，在酿造过程中,酵母会增加糖份进去酒里面。2.Aftergrindingmill,thefibersaredumpedintothewoodenvattoenhancefermentationandtoprovideextraflavor.Oncethejuicesareinthevatsyeastisadded.Everydistillerkeepsitsownyeastasacloselyguardedsecret.Duringfermenting,theyeastactsuponthesugarsoftheagaveplantconvertingthemintoalcohol.Fermentation发酵Juicesfermentfor30to48hoursthentheyaredistilledtwiceintraditionalcopperstillsormoremodernonesmadeofstainlesssteelorincontinuousdistillationtowers.Thefirstdistillationproducesalow-gradealcoholandthesecondafierycolorlessliquidthatislaterblendedbeforebeingbottled.Alcoholcontentmaybebetween70and110Proof.Atthismomenttheliquorisnolongermezcalbuttequila.在发酵了30到48个小时后就可以蒸馏了，蒸馏两次，可以用传统或现代的蒸馏容器内完成，第一次蒸馏的酒酒精较低，第二次蒸馏的酒液是无色的，接近可以装瓶的效果，酒精度届乎70度到110度，Juicesfermentfor30to48hoursthentheyaredistilledtwiceintraditionalcopperstillsormoremodernonesmadeofstainlesssteelorincontinuousdistillationtowers.Thefirstdistillationproducesalow-gradealcoholandthesecondafierycolorlessliquidthatislaterblendedbeforebeingbottled.Alcoholcontentmaybebetween70and110Proof.Atthismomenttheliquorisnolongermezcalbuttequila.Distillation蒸馏Partofthetequila,colorlessatthispoint,isthenagedinwoodencasksortanksfortimeperiodsvaryingfromtwomonthstoamaximumofsevenyears.Thisprocessturnsitagoldencoloranditismarketedasdifferentgradesoftequilareposadooranejoatpricesrangingupwardaccordingtothemonthsoryearsofaging.因为蒸馏出来后酒液无色，所以会放入木桶里蕴藏两个月到七年，这个过程会令酒液变成金黄色而酿成了不同等级的酒Aging蕴藏白色龙舌兰酒（WhiteTequila）又区分无色透明，没有成熟的类型，以及一个月后即放入木桶熟成，再经过活性炭过滤成稳重风味的类型。其中短期熟成的龙舌兰酒非常适合当作鸡尾酒材料，所以也是最通俗的龙舌兰酒。金色龙舌兰酒（GoldTequila）依据当地法律规定，需要放在木桶两个月熟成，形成接近淡金色，会散发木桶香气。Thetypeofthetequila它们的种类老的龙舌兰酒（TequilaAnejo）充满木桶的香气，风味也较浓郁。名称中的“Anejo”，是西班牙语“老（Old）”的意思。必须放置一年以上熟成。PopularBrand流