[英语]高中英语名词性从句详细讲解

名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)引导名词性从句的连接词：that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词that，whether;代词：who,what,which;副词：when,where,how,why等.1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)主语从句1.It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat…2.It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntousallthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……3.It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……4.It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…主语从句中的“主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants______somewater.注意isareis1_________intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount..(2005上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresCItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2006北京)A.ThisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis3.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.howExercises宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.宾语从句(作动词的宾语)(作介词的宾语)(作形容词的宾语)宾语从句的结构来自于“主+谓+宾”的句型。而谓语分为两种：简单谓语和复合谓语。简单谓语就是我们平时所熟悉的动词充当，这儿我们要研究的是复合谓语。中学阶段常见的有两种情况：情态动词+谓语动词；系动词+表语。换言之，“系动词+表语”整个结构可以看作谓语，某些表主观看法或情绪的形容词构成的系表结构后面是可以跟从句的，而这就是宾语从句了。类似的有：I'mafraidthatTomwon'tcome.I'mgladthatyoulikeit.1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句That可以被省略：由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去That不能被省去的几种情况：（1）但如果有两个或多个并列从句时,第二个(和第三个)分句前的that不可省。例如：Iforgot(that)myresearchpaperwasdueonTuesdayandthatmyteacherhadsaidhewouldnotacceptlatepapers.（2）主句中有it作形式宾语作形式宾语,that不可省例:Wethinkitisimportantthateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners.（3）宾语从句的第一个词为this/that时,引导词that不可省例:Shetoldmethatthatnightwasverycold.她告诉我,那个晚上很冷.（4）inthat,exceptthat后接宾语从句时,引导词that不可省（宾语从句是介词宾语时）例:Criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpstocorrectourmistakes.（5）当宾语从句是个主从复合句时且从句在前时，that不能省略；从句在后时，that可以省略。例：Fatherpromised______IstudiedharderhewouldtakemetoBeijing.A.ifB.thatif例：Fatherpromised______hewouldtakemetoBeijingifI....A.thatB./注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。2.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot”时；e.后接动词不定式时。Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.（主从，句前）Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?（表从）Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.（介宾）Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.（后有ornot）Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?（不定式）宾语从句中的“否定转移”与“时态呼应”若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：否定转移我认为他不会来这里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()时态呼应：1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。(主现从不变)例如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheisnow.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。（主过从现）例：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.3当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。表语从句1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.Theproblemis_________________________________Thisis____________________________.Itlooks____________________________.thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.asifitisgoingtorain.需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.【注意】whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位