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I摘要随着科技的发达，以及人民生活水平的提高，人民室内生活环境不断改善，出现了空调、智能温度器、室内净化器等一系列改善人民生活条件的高科技产品。然而这并不能满足人民越来越高的生活需求，有些人提出了湿度的要求，本设计就在此基础上，设计一种基于89C51单片机控制的智能湿度控制系统。此系统采用了精密的检测电路（包刮精密对称方波发生器、对数放大及半波整流、温度补偿及温度自动校正及滤波电路等几部分电路组成），能够自动、准确检测环境空气的相对湿度,并将检测数据通过A/D转换后，送到处理器（AT89C51）中，然后通过软件的编程，将当前环境的相对湿度值转换为十进制数字后，再通过数码管来显示；而且，通过软件编程，再加上相应的控制电路（光电耦合及继电器等部分电路组成），设计出可以自动的调节当前环境的相对湿度：当室内空气湿度过高时，控制系统自动启动抽风机，减少室内空气中的水蒸气，以达到降低空气湿度的目的；当室内空气湿度过低时，控制系统自动启动蒸汽机，增加空气的水蒸气，以达到增加湿度的目的，使空气湿度保持在理想的状态；键盘设置及调整湿度的初始值，另外在设计个过程当中，考虑了处理器抗干扰，加入了单片机监视电路。通过对基于单片机的相对湿度控制器设计，加深对传感器技术及检测技术的了解，巩固对单片机知识的掌握，并系统的复习本专业所学过的知识。关键词：湿度检测，对数放大，湿度调节，温度补偿IIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theimprovementofandthelivingstandardsofthepeople,thepeopleareimprovingconstantlyinindoorlivingenvironment,theairconditioner,intellectualtemperaturedevice,high-techproductsofsuchpeople'slivingconditionsofaseriesofimprovementasthepurifyingdevice,etc.intheroomhaveappeared.Butthiscannotmeethigherandhigherlifedemandsofpeople,somepeopleproposethedemandforthehumidity,thistextisjustonthisbasis,designoneonthebasisofintellectualhumiditycontrolsystemwhich89C51MCUcontrolled.Thissystemhasadoptedtheaccuratemeasuringcircuit(isitblowaccuratesymmetricalsquarewavegenerator,logarithmenlargeandhalfwaverectifier,temperaturecompensation,temperaturecorrectandstrainwavecircuitoddpartsofcircuitnottomakeupautomaticallytowrapup),canmeasuretherelativehumidityofthesurroundingairautomaticallyandaccurately,andaftermeasuringthedataandchangingthroughA/D,senditintheprocessor(AT89C51),Thenthroughtheprogrammingofthesoftware,afterchangingthevalueofrelativehumidityoftheenvironmentatpresentintothedecimaldigit,andtheninchargeofthenumbertoshow;And,throughsoftwareprogramming,inaddition,correspondingcontrolcircuit(suchsomecircuitasphotoelectriccouplingandrelay,etc.makeup),designtherelativehumidityofthepresentenvironmentofregulationthatcanbeautomatic:Whentheindoorairhumidityistoohigh,thecontrolsystemstartstheexhausterautomatically,reducethevaporintheindoorair,inordertoachievethegoalofreducingairhumidity;Whentheindoorairhumidityistoolow,thecontrolsystemstartsthesteamengineautomatically,increasethevaporoftheair,inordertoachievethegoalofincreasinghumidity,makestheairhumiditykeepatidealstate;Theinitialvalueofthehumiditythatthekeyboardissetupandadjusted,indesigningacourseinaddition,haveconsideredtheanti-interferenceoftheprocessor,monitoredthecircuitafterputtingintotheMCU.Throughdesigningthecontrollerofrelativehumiditybasedonone-chipcomputer,strengthentheknowledgeofthetechnologyofthesensoranddetectiontechnique,theonesthatconsolidatedtoknowledgeoftheone-chipcomputerweremastered,andthesystematicknowledgethataspecialityhasbeenstudiedofreview.Keyword:humiditydetection,logarithmisenlarged,humiditycontrolandhumidityregulation,temperaturecompensation。III目录摘要..............................................................IAbstract...........................................................II绪言................................................................11.1课题背景........................................................11.2课题研究的目的和意义............................................11.3国内外发展状况..................................................12系统设计方案的研究................................................32.1系统的控制特点与性能要求........................................32.1.1系统控制结构组成..............................................32.1.2系统的性能特点................................................32.2系统的设计原理..................................................32.3.1湿度测量的名词术语............................................42.3.2湿度检测方案分析..............................................53系统的结构设计....................................................83.1电源电路的设计..................................................83.2相对湿度电路的设计..............................................93.2.1相对湿度检测电路的原理及结构图................................93.2.2湿敏电阻传感器...............................................113.2.3精密对称方波发生器...........................................123.2.4对数放大器及相对湿度校正电路.................................123.2.5断点放大器...................................................133.2.6温度补偿电路.................................................133.2.7相对湿度检测电路的调试及校正.................................143.3转换模块的设计.................................................143.3.1模数转换器接受...............................................143.3.2A/D转换器ICL7135............................................153.4处理器模块的设计...............................................163.4.1单片机AT89C51简介及应用.....................................163.4.2单片机与ICL7135接口.........................................203.4.3处理器的功能.................................................203.4.4CPU监控电路.................................................203.5湿度的调节模块设计.............................................203.5.1湿度调节的原理...............................................203.5.2湿度调节的结构框图...........................................21IV3.5.3湿度调节硬件结构图...........................................213.5.4湿度调节原理实现.............................................213.6显示模块设计....................................