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P18--191.Tosome,happinessisbeingsurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.surroundvt.围绕，环绕；包围搭配：besurroundedby/with被…包围拓展：surroundingadj.四周的surroundingsn.环境2.Tothosewhohavebeeninjuredorstrugglewithaphysicaldisability,happinesscansimplymeanadaywithoutsuffering.句法分析：who引导定语从句v.&n.努力，奋斗，挣扎,难事strugglestrugglewith/against…和…斗争struggleagainstdifficulties/death/illness与困难/死亡/疾病斗争strugglefor…为…而斗争sufferingn.疼痛，痛苦，折磨Themedicationshouldeasethesuffering.拓展：sufferv.受苦，受难，受折磨suffersth遭受某事sufferfrom因…受苦，受难；患…(无被动语态)sufferern.患病者；受苦者；受难者Thecompanysufferedhugelossesinthelastfinancialyear.Manycompaniesaresufferingfromashortageofskilledstaff.3.IunderstandthatyouoftenusetheexampleofthegymnastSangLantoshowhowpeoplecanfindhappinessevenduringtimesofapersonalcatastrophe.句法分析：that引导宾语从句，toshow表目的，how在从句中作状语timen.时代，时期（常用复数）inancienttimes在古代inmoderntimes在现代aheadoftimeatonetimeatthesametimeattimesforthetimebeingfromtimetotime提前曾经同时;但是，然而有时；间或暂时的时时；间或4.Whileshewasinjuredandinhospital,sheamazedtheworldbythewaysheremainedcheerful.句法分析：while引导时间状语从句；sheremainedcheerful为定语从句inhospital住院拓展：inhospital住院inthehospital在医院attable在吃饭atthetable在桌旁inchargeof负责inthechargeof由…负责/掌握inpossessionof拥有inthepossessionof为…所有outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion不可能remain系V.仍然是，保持不变vi.剩余，遗留，继续存在；仍需去做；逗留，不离去sthremaintobedone某事仍需去做Thereremains/remained仍然有（2）remainingadj.剩余的；剩下的=left（3）remainsn.剩余物，残留物，遗迹（2010重庆）Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuildingnow.A.remainsB.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremained5.Well，incasesomeofourviewersdon’tknowherstory,canyoutellusalittlebitaboutSangLanandwhosheis?(L20)incase用法：引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，万一”引导目的状语从句，意为“以防，免得”单独使用，意为“以防万一”翻译:Incaseyouseehim，askhimaboutit．：Takewarmclothesincasetheweathergetscold．Thesunisshining，butI’lltakeanumbrellajustincase．Hehadhiscamerareadyhesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.A.evenifB.ifonlyC.incaseD.sothatifonly只要，要是…多好拓展：incaseof以防；如果；万一Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.inthecaseof就…来说；至于…Inthecaseoftheforestprogramme,weleaveitforfurtherdiscussion.innocase绝不，置于句首，句子需倒装Innocaseshouldyoubeallowedtodosuchafoolishthingagain.inanycase不管怎样；无论如何Inanycaseweshoulddowhatwecouldtohelpthem.•inthatcase若果那样的话•inthiscase如果这样的话•asisoftenthecase(with)•这是常有的事6.BythetimeshecompetedinthegymnasticstournamentattheNewYorkGoodwillGames，shehadbeenajuniorgymnastforelevenyears．(L23)翻译：11年来，到参加纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛为止，桑兰一直是一个体操小将。bythetime为连词，常引导时间状语从句，要注意主从句时态的变化：①如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时②如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时即学即用BythetimeJanegetshome，heraunt______forLondontoattendameeting．A．willleaveB．leavesC．willhaveleftD．left到下星期五,我应该已经完成项目了。等到他十岁的时候,他已经学会自己做饭了。BynextFriday,Iwillhavefinishedtheproject.Bythetimehewasten,hehadlearnedtocookmealsbyhimself.+句子junioradj.青少年的；地位（或职位，级别）低下的拓展：bejuniorto比…小，职位比…低senioradj.年长的，资深的，地位高的beseniorto…年龄（级别或职位等）比…高的7.Herteammatesdescribedherasenergetic,…describlesb.as…把某人描述为…；把某人叫做…拓展：descriptionn.描述beyonddescription难以形容describe…as…把…称为/描述为1.Jim被称为“不寻常的人”。Jimisdescribedas“unusual”.2.据描述这个男人个头高大，皮肤黝黑。Themanwasdescribedastallanddark.8.Eventhoughhertrainingmeantthatshehadtoliveapartfromherparents,shewashappytodevoteherselftogymnastics.句法分析：eventhough引导让步状语从句；that引导宾语从句apartfrom(asidefrom)除…之外（还）Apartfromthecost,itwilltakealotoftime.Apartfromafewfaults,heisquiteagoodstudent.apartfrom相当于besides,except或exceptfor，既有“除了”的意思，还有“除…以外还有”的意思。IadmiredmyclassmateLisaverymuch.herprettiness,shewassmartandhelpful.A.ExceptforB.ButforC.ApartfromD.Inspiteof除…以外，表示从整体中排除部分（美中不足）要不是，如果没有除…之外还有尽管shehadtoliveapartfromher---(L29)1).(指空间或时间)相隔，相距Thetwohousesstood500metersapart.Theirbirthdaysareonlythreedaysapart.2).不在一起；分离；分开We’relivingapartnow.Shekeepsherselfapartfromotherpeople.aparttakesth.apart将……拆卸开fallapart破裂；崩溃；散开set/putapart留出，拔出tellAandBapart分辨出A与B1.It’seasytobutdifficulttoputittogetheragain.把表拆开容易，装起来难。2.Whenhiswifedied，hisworld___________.他在妻子去世后万念俱灰。词汇拓展takeawatchapart牛刀小试fellapartdevoteoneself/one’stime/…to(doing)sth.bedevotedto(doing)sth.致力于,忠诚于Shehasdevotedallherenergytohelpingthepoor.她把毕生的精力都投入到对穷人的帮助。Everybodyknowsthatourmanagerisverydevotedtohiswife.devoted忠实的;挚爱的;专心的devotiontothecauseofeducation对教育事业的热爱[忠诚]devotiontoduty忠于职守9.asmallaccidentduringoneofherpracticevautsattheGoodwillGamescouldhavecostherherfuturehappiness.couldhavedone过去本可能会发生某事但并未发生Hepaidforaseat,whenhehaveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.needIfyouweremorecareful,youcouldhaveavoidedthesemistakes.costherfuturehappiness.(L33)使某人丧失/损失;使付出…代价Thatonemistakealmostcosthimhislife.Themealcostusabout$40.Thatonemistakehascosthimalotovertheyears.costsb.sth.cost使丧失；使……付出代价costsb.Sth.Theman’srudebehaviorcosthimhisjob.1.这人的粗鲁行为使他丢了工作。2.粗心驾驶使得他丢了性命。Carelessdrivingcosthimhislife.atthecostof以……为代价她把他从火中救了出来，却牺牲了自己的生命。Shesavedhimfromthefirebutatthecostofherownlife.10.ShewasrushedtoatophospitalinNewYork.rushvt.急送，猛跑，迅速移动，仓促行事n.急忙，仓促，一阵拓展：rushto将…匆匆送往…inarush仓促地，匆忙地rushhour上下班高峰时间，交通拥挤时刻rushvt.急送；猛推n.急速，猛冲1rushsb.tothehospitalsb.berushedtothehospital火速送某人去医院2(be)inarush急速地，匆忙地wererushedtoinarush(急速地)1.Ambulances(救车)_______________________________2