搜索
常见前缀与后缀1.常见前缀前缀含义例词en-使可能enrich丰富enable使能够，使有机会enlarge扩大dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不满意disappear消失disagree不同意dishonesty不诚实disadvantage不利条件un-不unable不能够unlucky不幸的unhappy不开心的un+v.做相反动作undress脱衣服unload卸货uncover揭开in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的impolite不礼貌的impossible不可能的immoral不道德的irregular不规则的irresponsible不负责任的illogical不合逻辑的illegal非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的non-stop直达的,连续不断的mis-错误的，坏的misunderstand误解mislead误导misfortune厄运,不幸Re-重复，再rewrite重写,remarry再婚super-在上面，超级supermarket超市supermodel超级名模superstar超级明星under-在……之下underestimate低估underground地下的inter-相互，之间international国际的interact交流,合作,相互作用semi-半semifinal半决赛semicircle半圆semi-conscious半昏迷半清醒的multi-多，多种multi-national多国的multi-colored多种颜色的multi-cultural多文化的kilo-千kilometer千米,公里kilogram千克tele-远telephone电话television电视2.名词后缀后缀含义例词n.+er相关的人farmer农夫officer官员v.+er从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人teacher教师worker工人reader读者writer作家地点名词+er住在某处的人Londoner伦敦人villager村民-ess女……actress女演员hostess女主人-or同er-conductor售票员visitor游客inventor发明家actor演员survivor幸存者editor编辑-ar同er-beggar乞丐-ese某国人,某国语Chinese中国人,汉语Japanese日本人,日语-ian从事某职业的人musician音乐家physician医师,内科医生-ist从事某职业的人scientist科学家dentist牙医pianist钢琴家artist艺术家communist共产主义者socialist社会主义者-ment行为的结果argument争论judgment判断-ness状态,情况,特征happiness幸福illness疾病-tion动作,行为dictation听写preparation准备-ship身份,状态leadership领导friendship友谊citizenship国籍；公民权-anceacceptance接受appearance外表；出现-enceconfidence信息reference参考n.+ful以该名词容量为单位的量glassful一杯mouthful一口plateful一盘spoonful一羮匙-alrefusal拒绝denial抵赖arrival到达approval赞成；批准burial埋葬；葬礼survival幸存-ydifficulty困难possibility可能性-ismsocialism社会主义materialism唯物主义3.形容词后缀后缀例词a-在……上/里向…….aboard在船/火车/飞机上ahead在前面aside向旁边abroad在国外-alindustrial工业的national国家的,民族的-anEuropean欧洲的American美国的,美洲的-erneastern东方的northern北方的southern南方的-ablereasonable合理的believable可相信的unbearable难以忍受的-fulcareful仔细的,小心的cheerful兴高采烈的beautiful美丽的-ishchildish孩子般的selfish自私的foolish愚蠢的-iveactive活跃的,积极的creative创造性的destructive破坏的；毁灭性的-ythirsty口渴的dirty脏的windy有风的-engolden金色的,金的wooden木的,木质的woolen羊毛的-ouscontinuous持续的various各种各样的-aryimaginary幻想的revolutionary革命的-icrealistic现实的historic历史的-sometroublesome麻烦的lonesome孤独的,寂寞的-likechildlike孩子般的,单纯的womanlike女人般的-lyfriendly友好的lovely可爱的-lesscareless粗心的harmless无害的homeless无家可归的useless无用的4.动词后缀后缀含义例词-en使……成为,使……具有widen加宽sharpen削尖deepen加深strengthen加强shorten缩短soften软化quicken加快adj.+ize使……变成,使……化Americanize美国化civilize使开化modernize现代化nationalize国有化-y使……化beautify美化simplify简化5.副词后缀-ly是最常见的副词后缀,可以附加在形容词后，构成与原形容词意义相同的副词。如：slowly缓慢地happily高兴地truly真实地wholly全部地simply纯粹地练习1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。(1)Doyouknowthe______(deep)oftheriver?(2)His_____(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident(3)Heisoneofthe______(science)whosupportthistheory.答案：(1)depth(2)carelessness(3)scientists2.动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词。如：(1)Pleasepay________(attend)toyourhandwriting.(2)His_______(arrive)madethesituationworse.(3)Theteacherwasangryatmy_________(come)late.答案：(1)attention(2)arrival(3)coming3.动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时,还要考虑副词级的变化。如：(1)Theboyran______(quick)toschool.(2)“What’sthat?”Fathershouted______(angry).(3)Thelittlegirlis______（extreme）eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam。(4).Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”______(height).答案：(1)quickly(2)angrily(3)extremely(4)higher4.在名词前作定语，在系动词后做表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时，通常要用形容词如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。(1)What’sthe________(width)riverintheworld?(2)The_______(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.答案：(1)widest(2)stronger5即时训练单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Marywasvery______atthenews,soshelooked______atherhusband,hereyesfullof______(sad).2.He________footballverywellandhewasoneofthebest______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3.Look!How________Kateislaughing!Sheseemstobethe______girlintheworld(happy).4.Toour______,theheadmasterwasvery______withourreport.(satisfy)5.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany______.(invent)6.Ishould________mytaskandmakeit________tofinishit.(simple)7.Theboyhavingthe________ofbeinghalfstarved________,nevertobeseenagain.(appear)8.Thepolice_____thepotand______aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)9.Youareso_______tohelpme.Thankyouforyour________.(kindly)10.Everythingisbecoming____________thanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_____________.(expend)语篇填空：用所给词的适当形式填空ARaftingisan___1__(excite)adventure.Araftisasmallboatthatyoucanusetopaddledownriversandstreams.Raftingisagoodwaytoexperience___2___(natural).Ifyouwantanormalraftingtrip,chooseaquietstreamorriverthatiswideandhasfewfallentreesorrocks.Ifyouarelookingformore___3___（excite）,youmaywanttotrywhitewaterrafting.Whitewaterraftingis___4___（adventure）and___5___(difficulty)thannormalrafting.Itisdoneonriversandstreamswherethewatermoves___6___(quick).Youhavetobe___7___(care)nottohitrocks,treesandother___8___(dangerous).Thename“Whitewater”comesfromthefactthatthewaterinthesestreamsandriverslookswhitewhenitmovesquickly.BSteveJonesisan___1___(environment)expertwhotriestokeepanimalsandplantsfrom___2___(become)endangered.Ifweknowmoreaboutwhatcauses___3___(danger),wemaybeabletotakemeasure