Australia introduction 澳大利亚介绍

AustraliaBySummer薛骏慧FromBoxingkangarooCommonwealthofAustraliaisgenerallycalledAustralia.TitleArea&LocationAustraliais7,692,000squarekilometers.It’sterritoryareaisnextonlytoRussia,Canada,China,USA,BrazilandbethesixthlagestcountryintheworldandthelargestcountryinOceania.Australia’sneighboringcountriesincludeIndonesia,EastTimor(东帝汶)andPapuaNewGuinea(巴布亚新几内亚)tothenorth,theSolomonIslands(所罗门群岛),Vanuatu(瓦努阿图)andNewCaledonia(新喀里多尼亚)tothenortheastandNewZealandtothesoutheast.FlagAustraliannationalflagisrectangular,lengthandwidthratioof2:1.TheflagofAustraliaisadefacedBlueEnsign:abluefieldwiththeUnionFlaginthecanton(upperhoistquarter),andalargewhiteseven-pointedstarknownastheCommonwealthStarinthelowerhoistquarter.TheflycontainsarepresentationoftheSouthernCrossconstellation,madeupoffivewhitestars–onesmallfive-pointedstarandfour,larger,seven-pointedstars.UpperleftcorneristheBritishflag.ItmeansthetraditionalrelationshipbetweenAustraliaandtheUnitedKingdom.SomeAustraliansaredissatisfiedwiththeflagofAustralia,becausetheNewZealandflagandtheAustralianflagisverysimilar,thatoftenmakemanypeopleconfused.Butthisflagissupportedbymostpeople,andthebannerisunlikelytoreplacedbyanotherflag.AustralianflagNewZealandflagNationalemblemLet’slistentoAustraliannationalanthem:AdvanceAustraliaFairAdvanceAustraliaFair《前进，美丽的澳大利亚》Australiansallletusrejoice,全体澳大利亚人，让我们快乐吧！Forweareyoungandfree;因为我们年轻而自由；We'vegoldensoilandwealthfortoil,我们有金色的土地和劳动可以创造的财富；Ourhomeisgirtbysea;我们的国土为海洋所环绕；OurlandaboundsinNature'sgifts,我们的土地富于自然的恩赐，Ofbeautyrichandrare;美丽、富饶而稀有；Inhistory'spage,leteverystage让历史的每一个时期AdvanceAustraliafair!推动美丽的澳大利亚前进。Injoyfulstrainsthenletussing,让我们快乐地歌唱，AdvanceAustraliafair!“《前进，美丽的澳大利亚》。BeneathourradiantsouthernCross,在南十字星座灿烂的星光下，We'lltoilwithheartsandhands;我们用自己的心和双手辛勤地劳作，TomakethisCommonwealthofours为了将我们的联邦Renownedofallthelands;建设得举世闻名；Forthosewho'vecomeacrosstheseas对那些远涉重洋到来的人们We'veboundlessplainstoshare;我们有无尽的土地来分享；Withcourageletusallcombine鼓起勇气，让我们一起ToadvanceAustraliafair.推动美丽的澳大利亚前进。Injoyfulstrainsthenletussing让我们快乐地歌唱，AdvanceAustraliafair!《前进，美丽的澳大利亚》！Australiansallletusrejoice,全体澳大利亚人，让我们快乐吧！Forweareyoungandfree;因为我们年轻而自由；We'vegoldensoilandwealthfortoil,我们有金色的土地和劳动可以创造的财富；Ourhomeisgirtbysea;我们的国土为海洋所环绕；OurlandaboundsinNature'sgifts我们的土地富于自然的恩赐，Ofbeautyrichandrare;美丽、富饶而稀有；Inhistory'spage,leteverystage让历史的每一个时期AdvanceAustraliafair!推动美丽的澳大利亚前进。Injoyfulstrainsthenletussing,让我们快乐地歌唱，AdvanceAustraliafair!《前进，美丽的澳大利亚》。Let’scometoAustraliancapitalcityCanberraCanberraisthecapitalcityofAustralia.Withapopulationofover345,000,itisAustralia'slargestinlandcityandtheeighth-largestcityoverall.ThecityislocatedatthenorthernendoftheAustralianCapitalTerritory(ACT),280km(170mi)south-westofSydney,and660km(410mi)north-eastofMelbourne.AresidentofCanberraisknownasaCanberran.Canberraandthefollowingcitieshavesistercitiesor(towntwinning)oftheAgreement:China/BeijingJapan/NaraUnitedStates/AtlantaEastTimor/DiliFrance/VersaillesCurrency•TheAustraliandollaristhecurrencyoftheCommonwealthofAustralia.WithinAustraliaitisalmostalwaysabbreviatedwiththedollarsign($),withA$sometimesusedtodistinguishitfromotherdollar-denominatedcurrencies.Itissubdividedinto100cents.•TheAustraliandollariscurrentlythefifth-most-tradedcurrencyintheworldforeignexchangemarketsbehindtheUSdollar,theeuro,theyenandthepoundsterling.TheAustraliandollarispopularwithcurrencytradersduetocomparativelyhighinterestratesinAustralia,therelativefreedomoftheforeignexchangemarketfromgovernmentintervention,thegeneralstabilityofAustralia'seconomyandpoliticalsystem,andtheprevailingviewthattheAustraliandollaroffersdiversificationbenefitsinaportfoliocontainingthemajorworldcurrencies,especiallybecauseofitsgreaterexposuretoAsianeconomiesandthecommoditiescycle.1Australiadollarisequalto100cents1.00AUD=6.33531CNYLanguageAlthoughAustraliahasnoofficiallanguage,Englishissoentrenchedthatithasbecomethedefactonationallanguage.Australia'smostcommonlanguageisEnglish,followedbyItalian,Spanish,Cantonese,Mandarin,Greek,ArabicandVietnamese.EnglishfromthefirstgenerationafterthearrivalofBritishimmigrants,isAustralia'smostcommonlanguage.AustralianEnglishisamajorvarietyofthelanguagewithadistinctiveaccentandlexicon.GrammarandspellingaresimilartothatofBritishEnglishwithsomenotableexceptions.Accordingtothe2006census,Englishistheonlylanguagespokeninthehomeforcloseto79%ofthepopulation.ThenextmostcommonlanguagesspokenathomeareItalian(1.6%),Greek(1.3%)andCantonese(1.2%);aconsiderableproportionoffirst-andsecond-generationmigrantsarebilingual.Between200and300IndigenousAustralianlanguagesarethoughttohaveexistedatthetimeoffirstEuropeancontact,ofwhichonlyabout70havesurvived.Manyoftheseareexclusivelyspokenbyolderpeople;only18Indigenouslanguagesarestillspokenbyallagegroups.Atthetimeofthe2006Census,52,000IndigenousAustralians,representing12%oftheIndigenouspopulation,reportedthattheyspokeanIndigenouslanguageathome.AustraliahasasignlanguageknownasAuslan,whichisthemainlanguageofabout5,500deafpeople.climateTheclimateofAustraliaissignificantlyinfluencedbyoc