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M1U1Grammarandusage--------AttributiveClause(1)LeadinA:Thatmanwontherace.B:Whichman?A:…1.theJamaicaman.2.themanfromJamaica.3.themanwhoisfromJamaica.Attributivesprepositionalphraseattributiveclauseadjective一个定语从句可以像形容词，介词短语一样修饰一个名词。但是，他往往放在被修饰的词的后面。A:Thatmanwontherace.B:Whichman?A:1.TheJamaicamanwonthegame.2.ThemanfromJamaicawontherace.3.ThemanwhoisfromJamaicawontherace.一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。关系词的分类1.关系代词2.关系副词常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose，as常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类Thegirlthat/whowesawyesterdayisMary.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawthegirlyesterday.Jointhefollowingsentences:(第一句话作为主句)ThegirlisMary.Wesawthegirlyesterday.Step1.确定主句，找相同成分Jointhefollowingsentences(第一句话作为主句)ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.thegirlThegirlStep2.把从句放到主句先行词之后Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawthegirlyesterday.Thegirlthat/whowesawyesterdayisMary.Step3.删掉从句中的相同成分，并在从句前加上关系词thegirlJointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.先行词和关系词的关系Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.themachineamachineJointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneisthemachinecanfly.amachinethat/which如何选择关系代词或关系副词呢？在定语从句中，关系词可以充当从句中的：•subject主语•predicative表语•object宾语•attribute定语•adverbial状语关系代词关系副词四.关系词的基本用法Assubject主语TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Asobject宾语Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.Thewomangotthejob.Wesawherinthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawinthestreetgotthejob.Aspredicative表语Jackisnolongeralazyboy.Heusedtobealazyboy.Jackisnolongerthelazyboythatheusedtobe.注意：定语从句缺表语时，关系代词只用thatAsattribute定语Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.whoseEnglish=thestudent’sEnglish关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.whosewindow=thehouse’swindowAsadverbial状语TheschoolisinShenzhen.Hestudiedintheschool.TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.在限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法：who指____，在从句中作___________(成分)。(作？语可省略)1）Heisnotthemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterday.Theprofessor(who)youwishtoseehascome人主语，宾语2)eg.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?whom指______，在从句中作_______，可省略。人宾语(1)I’mnotinterestedinthebookwhichhasjustbeenpublished.(2)Mymotherfoundthegoldring(which)shehadlost.which指_____，在句中作_________作_____时可以省略。物主语或宾语宾语1.Theseasonthatcomesafterspringissummer.that指_______，在从句中做__________,作______时可以省略。2.Doyouknowtheman(that)Iamtalkingto3.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe人或物主语或宾语或表语宾语•TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.•whose=thestudent’s关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.whose=thehouse’swindow•whose指________。作_____。表示所属关系。人或物定语关系代词用法关系代词指代在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhom宾whose(=ofwhich)人/物定人／物主／宾/表主／宾主／宾人人人／物物*6.先行词是下列词时，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。1)先行词是不定代词或被其修饰（all,some,any,few,little,much,every,each,no,anything,nothing,everything，something等）eg.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。eg.Thisisthecleanestparkthatyoucanimagine.Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.3)先行词被thevery,theonly,theright,thelast,justthe等修饰•eg.ThisistheonlybookthathasbeenwritteninFrench.•Thosearetheverywordsthatheused.•ThisisjustthebookthatIamlookingfor.4)当先行词由人和物两部分组成时，eg.Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadvisitedinthecity.5)在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。eg.Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere.WhichisthecarthatwasmadeinBeijing.Practice1.Thisisthebestfilm______I’veseen.2.Thatisthelastlesson_____Igaveyou.3.Thisistheverybook_____I’mafter.4.Thatisjustthecoat_____colorisred.5.Thatistherightplace_____heworks.6.Istillremembertheschoolsandboys______Imetthere.7.Whichisthebike_______youlost?8.Anything______youhavetosayhadbetterbesasd.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)(that)(that)6)先行词在从句中作表语时，通常用that引导。（常可省略）•eg,.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.7,当主语以here,there开头时•eg,Hereistheplacethatyou'vebeenlookingfor.8.先行词被such,thesame修饰时，通常用as引导定语从句•eg,ThisisnotsuchabookasIwant.•ThisisthesamebookasIwant.Reviewwhatwehavelearnttoday:1.定语从句的基本定义2.关系词的分类3.先行词和关系词的关系4.关系词的基本表达5.限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法6.在什么情况下，限制性定语从句要由that引导？7.主语是here,there时用什么引导定语从句？8.先行词被such,thesame修饰时，用什么引导定语从句关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.TheeggsIboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendhecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheeseitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodlesyoucookedthemweredelicious.Idon’tlikethepeopletheysmokealot.(that/which)who/thatthat/which(which/that)that/whoPractice1.Theman_________standsthereisTom.2.Thegirl____________ImetisMsLi.3.Theboy________watchwaslostisTom.4.Thebook____