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摘要I汽车驱动桥设计专业：车辆工程学号：20090310150104学生姓名：胡阳指导老师：程老师摘要驱动桥作为汽车四大总成之一，它的性能的好坏直接影响整车性能，而对于载重汽车显得尤为重要。当采用大功率发动机输出大的转矩以满足目前载重汽车的快速、重载的高效率、高效益的需要时，必须要搭配一个高效、可靠的驱动桥。所以采用传动效率高的单级减速驱动桥已成为未来重载汽车的发展方向。本文参照传统驱动桥的设计方法进行了载重汽车驱动桥的设计。本文首先确定主要部件的结构型式和主要设计参数；然后参考类似驱动桥的结构，确定出总体设计方案；最后对主，从动锥齿轮，差速器圆锥行星齿轮，半轴齿轮，全浮式半轴和整体式桥壳的强度进行校核以及对支承轴承进行了寿命校核。本文不是采用传统的双曲面锥齿轮作为载重汽车的主减速器而是采用弧齿锥齿轮，希望这能作为一个课题继续研究下去。关键字：载重汽车；驱动桥；单级减速桥；弧齿锥齿轮AbstractIITheDesigningofRearDriveAxlesAbstractDriveaxleistheoneofautomobileforfourimportantassemblies.It`performancedirectlyinfluenceontheentireautomobile,especiallyfortheheavytruck.Becauseusingthebigpowerenginewiththebigdrivingtorquesatisfiedtheneedofhighspeed,heavy-loaded,highefficiency,highbenefittoday`heavytruck,mustexploitingthehighdrivenefficiencysinglereductionfinaldriveaxleisbecomingtheheavytruck`developingtendency.Thisdesignfollowingthetraditionaldesigningmethodofthedriveaxle.First,makeupthemainparts`structureandthekeydesigningparameters;thusreferencetothesimilardrivingaxlestructure,decidetheentiredesigningproject;faniallycheckthestrengthoftheaxledrivebevelpinion，bevelgearwheel,thedifferentionalplanetarypinion,differentialsidegear,full-floatingaxleshaftandthebanjoaxlehousing,andthelifeexpectionofcarrierbearing.Thedesigningtakethespiralbevelgearforthetradionalhypoidgear,asthegeartypeofheavytruck`sfinaldrive,withtheexpectionofthequestionbeingdiscussed,further.Keywords:heavytruck；driveaxle；singlereductionfinaldrive；hespiralbevelgear目录III目录摘要.............................................................................................................IAbstract......................................................................................................II1前言.......................................................................................................12驱动桥的总体方案确定......................................................................22.1驱动桥的结构和种类和设计要求......................22.1.1驱动桥的种类.................................22.1.2驱动桥结构组成...............................32.1.3驱动桥设计要求...............................42.2设计车型主要参数..................................43主减速器设计.......................................................................................53.1主减速器结构方案分析..............................53.1.1单级主减速器..................................53.1.2双级主减速器.................................63.2主减速器齿轮的比较................................63.2.1弧齿锥齿轮传动...............................63.2.2准双曲面齿轮传动.............................63.2.3弧齿锥齿轮与准双曲面齿轮的比较...............73.3主减速器主从动锥齿轮的支承形式及安装方法..........83.3.1主减速器主动锥齿轮的支承形式及安装方式的选择.83.3.2主减速器从动锥齿轮的支承形式及安装方式的选择.93.4主减速比i0的确定..................................9目录IV3.5主减速器计算载荷的确定...........................103.5.1按发动机最大转矩和最低挡传动比确定从动锥齿轮的计算转矩..........................................103.5.2按驱动轮打滑转矩确定从动锥齿轮的计算转矩....113.5.3按汽车日常行驶平均转矩确定从动锥齿轮的计算转矩..................................................123.6主减速器锥齿轮主要参数选择.......................123.6.1主、从动锥齿轮齿数z1、z2.....................123.6.2从动锥齿轮大端分度圆直径D2和端面模数ms.....133.6.3主、从动锥齿轮齿面宽不b1和b2................133.6.4螺旋角β.....................................143.6.5螺旋方向....................................143.6.6法向压力角α.................................143.7主减速器锥齿轮强度计算...........................153.7.1单位齿长圆周力..............................153.7.2轮齿的弯曲强度计算..........................163.7.3齿轮接触强度................................173.8主减速器锥齿轮轴承的载荷计算.....................183.8.1锥齿轮齿面上的作用力........................183.8.2锥齿轮轴承的载荷............................203.8.3锥齿轮轴承型号确定..........................223.9主减速器齿轮材料及热处理.........................24目录V3.10主减速器的润滑..................................253.11本章小结........................................254差速器设计.........................................................................................264.1差速器结构形式选择...............................264.2对称锥齿轮式差速器工作原理.......................274.3对称锥齿轮式差速器齿轮的基本参数的选择...........284.3.1行星齿轮数n.................................284.3.2行星齿轮球面半径Rb..........................284.3.3行星齿轮和半轴齿轮齿数z1和z2................284.3.4行星齿轮和半轴齿轮节锥角及模数..............294.3.5行星齿轮轴用直径d及支承长度L...............294.4普通锥齿轮式差速器齿轮强度计算...................314.5差速器齿轮的材料.................................324.6本章小结.........................................325车轮传动装置设计............................................................................335.1半轴的结构型式...................................335.1.1半浮式半轴..................................335.1.23/4浮式半轴.................................335.1.3全浮式半袖..................................335.2半轴的设计与计算.................................335.2.1全浮式半轴的计算载荷的确定..................335.2.2全浮半轴杆部直径的初选......................35目录VI5.2.3全浮半轴强度计算............................355.2.4全浮式半轴花键强度计算......................365.2.5半轴材料与热处理............................375.3本章小结.........................................376驱动桥壳的设计................................................................................386.1驱动桥壳的型式..................................386.2桥壳的受力分析与强度计算.........................396.2.1桥壳的静弯曲应力计算........................406.2.2在不平路面冲