25比较等级和比较结构

Lecture25比较等级和比较结构ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsP2831形容词和副词的比较等级2比较结构3关于比较结构用法的补充说明Outline等级形容词、副词---gradable非等级形容词、副词---non-gradable•等级形容词的语法特征表现为：•1）具有比较等级•Tall,taller,tallest•2）能接受强调词的修饰•Verytall大多数形容词和副词的比较等级有三1原级PositiveDegree2比较级ComparativeDegree3最高级SuperlativeDegree你知道形容词和副词的比较级和最高级怎么变换吗？三音节及以上双音节单音节KindkinderkindestFastfasterfastestInstructiveMoreinstructiveMostinstructiveTenderTenderer/moretenderTendest/mosttender综合形式（SyntheticForm)：-er,-est分析形式（AnalyticForm）:加more，most规则形式少数不规则•Bad•Good•Well•old•Far•Much•Badly•well没有等级的形容词•1)inferiorto,superiorto,seniorto•Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany.•Hiscompositionisfarsuperiortomine.•2)absolute,unique,round,right,wrong,correct,perfect等带有“极度”含义的词•GeoffreyChauceroccupiesauniqueplaceinEnglishliterature.As…as结构More…than结构Themost…结构As…asAs+adj./adv.+asAs+adj.+n.词组+asAsmuch/many+n.+asAs+adj./adv.+as1.JudyisasbeautifulasCindy.2.Judyisassmartassheisbeautiful.3.JudyisassillyanduglyasCindyissmartandbeautiful.Judy和Cindy一样漂亮。Judy既聪明又漂亮。Judy又笨又丑，不像Cindy那样又聪明又漂亮。第一句比较主语不同，但比较项目相同；第二局比较主语相同，但比较项目不同；第三局比较主语和比较项目都不同！第一句as-分句常用不完全句；第二句、第三句as-分句必须用完全句Asmuch/many+n.+asShetookasmuchmoneyassheneeded.much/many是限定词As+adj.+NP+asIcan’taffordasexpensiveamobilephoneasiphone5s.不定冠词+单数名词零冠词+不可数名词More…than结构1.形容词或副词比较级+than2.more/less/fewer+n.+than3.不定冠词或零冠词+形容词比较级+n.+than4.n.词组+more…than结构作后置修饰语5.the+形容词或副词比较级+of词组6.more/lessof+a+n.BillspeaksFrenchlesswellthanhewritesit.BillspeaksFrenchworsethanhewritesit.BillspeaksFrenchbetterthanhewritesit.否定形式Bill法文写得好，说得没有写得好。Bill法文写得不好，说得更不好。形容词或副词比较级+thanJohnisbrighterthanBob.JohnbehavesmorepolitelythanBob.More/less/fewer+n.+than我比你有更多的钱。Ihavemoremoneythanyou.不定冠词或零冠词+形容词比较级+n.+thanIhateitwhenmygoodfriendhasalargerhousethanmine.我讨厌我好朋友的房子比我的大。n.词组+more…than:Mygoodfriend’shouseislargerthanmine.The+形容词或副词比较级+of词组Johnisthetallerofthetwoboys.=OfthetwoboysJohnis(the)taller.Of词组在居首时the可省都是两者之间的比较Of词组在句末时the不可省More/lessof+a+n.+than…Heismore/lessofamanthanhisbrother.Heismore/lessmanlikethanhisbrother.他比他的弟弟或者哥哥更有男子气概。Themost…结构1.通常表示“最高级”的意义，都要有一个“比较范围”你是我认识的女孩中最漂亮的一个。YouarethemostbeautifulgirlI’veeverknown.2.表示“最高级”的相反意义可用theleast…结构YouaretheleastbeautifulgirlI’veeverknown.YouarethemostuglygirlI’veeverknown.More…than结构As…as结构否定词+比较级Youaremorebeautifulthananyoneelseinmyeyes.Youcan’tbemorebeautifulinmyeyes.Nooneisasbeautifulasyouinmyeyes.你在我眼中是最美。1.Providethecorrectwordstomakecomparisons2.Readthisconversationwithyourpartner•Ex25Cmore…than结构的其他用法关于比较结构用法的补充说明“more+形容词/副词+than”（比较同一事物的两个不同性质时），常译为“与其说……，不如说……”或“倒不如说……”。例如：Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇无谋。Heismoredaringthanquick-witted.与其说他脑子灵活，不如说他胆大。Thechildwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.这孩子的伤倒不算什么，只是受惊不小。ANomore…thanBANotmore…thanBNomorethanNotmorethanNolessthanNotlessthanANoless…thanBANotless…thanB仅仅（强调少）不多于多达（强调多）不少于Therearenomorethan5apples.Therearenotmorethan5apples.Therearenolessthan5apples.Therearenotlessthan5apples.SheisnomorehardworkingthanLucy.SheisnotmorehardworkingthanLucy.SheisnolesshardworkingthanLucy.SheisnotlesshardworkingthanLucy.A和B都不…A不比B更…A和B都…A不比B更不…notso...as和notsomuch...as•Londonisn’tsolargeasTokyo.•【As…as的否定形式】•Itwasn'tsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.•【与其说…，不如说…】themore...themore•TheolderIget,thehappierIam.•Themoreyouarguewithhim,thelessnoticehetakes.•Thesoonerthisisdone,thebetter.•Thehigherthetemperature,thefastertheliquidevaporates.•Moreandmore表示“越来越……”•Thecarwasrunningfasterandfaster.•AistoBwhatXistoY:A之于B犹如X之于Y•What用来表示比较两种事物相同或相似的关系。•Asailistoaboatwhatanengineistoacar.•Honeyistoabeewhatmilkistoacow.•Airistouswhatwateristofish.•Leavesaretotheplantwhatlungsaretotheanimal.•not……anymorethan“不……就像与……一样不……”,在anymorethan后面的句子中没有否定词。该句型的其他表达方式为：no……anymorethan/nomore……than;•HecannotaffordanewcaranymorethanIcanaffordahouse.•Thereisnosinglesolutiontoallproblemsanymorethanthereisasinglekeythatopensalldoors.•Mencannomorelivewithoutfoodthanplantscangrowwithoutsunshine.Ex25F25GPractice•DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis_________thanTim.•A.muchmoresportsman•B.moreofasportsman•C.moreofsportsman•D.moreasportsman•Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudness___byhislackoftalent.•a)somuchasb)ratherthan•c)asd)than•Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,____tothetruck.•a)thegreaterstressis•b)greateristhestress•c)thestressisgreater•d)thegreaterthestress•Issuesofprice,place,promotionandproductare_____conventionalconcernsinplanningmarketingstrategies.•a)theseofthemost•b)mostofthose•c)amongthemost•d)amongthemanyof•Johnis____hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.•a)nolessb)nomore•c)notlessd)noso•Thechildrenprefercampinginthemountains____anindooractivity.•a)tob)thanc)ford)with•Languagebelongstoeachmemberofthesociety,tothecleaner___totheprofessor.•a)asfarasb)thesameas•c)asmuchasd)aslongas•Theexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan___.•A.havebeenputin•B.beingputin•C.hasbeenputin•D.tobeputin•Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan___inthepublicmindtoday.•A.existsB.exist•C.existingD.toexist•Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatmorelu