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约克安特卫普规则1994（YORK-ANTWERPRULES,1994）IntheadjustmentofgeneralaveragethefollowingRulesshallapplytotheexclusionofanyLawandPracticeinconsistenttherewith.共同海损理算，适用下列规则，凡与这些规则相抵触的法律和惯例都不适用。ExceptasprovidedbytheRuleParamountandthenumberedRules,generalaverageshallbeadjustedaccordingtotheletteredRules.除首要规则和数字规则已有规定者外，共同海损应按字母规则理算。RULEPARAMOUNT首要规则Innocaseshalltherebeanyallowanceforsacrificeorexpenditureunlessreasonablymadeorincurred.牺牲或费用，除合理做出或支付者外，不得受到补偿。RULEA规则AThereisageneralaverageactwhen,andonlywhen,anyextraordinarysacrificeorexpenditureisintentionallyandreasonablymadeorincurredforthecommonsafetyforthepurposeofpreservingfromperilthepropertyinvolvedinacommonmaritimeadventure.只有在为了共同安全，使同一航程中的财产脱离危险，有意而合理地做出特殊牺牲或支付特殊费用时，才能构成共同海损行为。Generalaveragesacrificesandexpendituresshallbebornebythedifferentcontributinginterestsonthebasishereinafterprovided.共同海损牺牲和费用，应按下列规定，由各分摊方分摊。RULEB规则BThereisacommonmaritimeadventurewhenoneormorevesselsaretowingorpushinganothervesselorvessels,providedthattheyareallinvolvedincommercialactivitiesandnotinasalvageoperation.如果船舶拖带或顶推其他船舶而它们都从事商业活动而不是救助作业，则处于同一航程之中。Whenmeasuresaretakentopreservethevesselsandtheircargoes,ifany,fromacommonperil,theseRulesshallapply.如果所采取的措施是为了使这些船舶及其货物（如果有）脱离共同危险，则应适用本规则。Avesselisnotincommonperilwithanothervesselorvesselsifbysimplydisconnectingfromtheothervesselorvesselssheisinsafety;butifthedisconnectionisitselfageneralaverageactthecommonmaritimeadventurecontinues.如果一艘船舶只要脱离其他船舶便能获得安全，则同其他船舶不处于共同的危险之中，但如果脱离本身是共同海损行为，则共同航程继续存在。RULEC规则COnlysuchlosses,damagesorexpenseswhicharethedirectconsequenceofthegeneralaverageactshallbeallowedasgeneralaverage.只有属于共同海损行为直接后果的损失或费用，才应作为共同海损。Innocaseshalltherebeanyallowanceingeneralaverageforlosses,damagesorexpensesincurredinrespectofdamagetotheenvironmentorinconsequenceoftheescapeorreleaseofpollutantsubstancesfromthepropertyinvolvedinthecommonmaritimeadventure.环境损害或因同一航程中的财产漏出或排放污染物所引起的损失或费用不得认作共同海损。Demurrage,lossofmarket,andanylossordamagesustainedorexpenseincurredbyreasonofdelay,whetheronthevoyageorsubsequently,andanyindirectlosswhatsoever,shallnotbeadmittedasgeneralaverage.不论是在航程中或其后发生的滞期损失、行市损失和任何因迟延所遭受的损失或支付的费用以及任何间接损失都不得认作共同海损。RULED规则DRightstocontributioningeneralaverageshallnotbeaffected,thoughtheeventwhichgaverisetothesacrificeorexpendituremayhavebeenduetothefaultofoneofthepartiestotheadventure,butthisshallnotprejudiceanyremediesordefenceswhichmaybeopenagainstortothatpartyinrespectofsuchfault.即使引起牺牲或费用的事故，可能是由于航程中某一方的过失所造成的，也不影响要求分摊共同海损的权利，但这不妨碍非过失方与过失方之间就此项过失可能提出的任何索赔或抗辩。RULEE规则ETheonusofproofisuponthepartyclaimingingeneralaveragetoshowthatthelossorexpenseclaimedisproperlyallowableasgeneralaverage.提出共同海损索赔的一方应负举证责任，证明所索赔的损失或费用应作为共同海损。Allpartiesclaimingingeneralaverageshallgivenoticeinwritingtotheaverageadjusterofthelossorexpenseinrespectofwhichtheyclaimcontributionwithin12monthsofthedateoftheterminationofthecommonmaritimeadventure.所有提出共同海损索赔的关系方应于共同航程终止后十二个月内将要求分摊的损失或费用书面通知海损理算师。Failingsuchnotification,orifwithin12monthsofarequestforthesameanyofthepartiesshallfailtosupplyevidenceinsupportofanotifiedclaim,orparticularsofvalueinrespectofacontributoryinterest,theaverageadjustershallbeatlibertytoestimatetheextentoftheallowanceorthecontributoryvalueonthebasisoftheinformationavailabletohim,whichestimatemaybechallengedonlyonthegroundthatitismanifestlyincorrect.如不通知或经要求后十二个月内不提供证据支持所通知的索赔或关于分摊方的价值的详细材料，则海损理算师可以根据他所掌握的材料估算补偿数额或分摊价值。除非估算明显不正确，否则不得提出异议。RULEF规则FAnyadditionalexpenseincurredinplaceofanotherexpensewhichwouldhavebeenallowableasgeneralaverageshallbedeemedtobegeneralaverageandsoallowedwithoutregardtothesaving,ifany,tootherinterests,butonlyuptotheamountofthegeneralaverageexpenseavoided.凡为代替本可作为共同海损的费用而支付的额外费用，可作为共同海损并受到补偿，无须考虑对于其他有关方有无节省，但其数额不得超过被代替的共同海损费用。RULEG规则GGeneralaverageshallbeadjustedasregardsbothlossandcontributionuponthebasisofvaluesatthetimeandplacewhenandwheretheadventureends.共同海损损失和分摊的理算，应以航程终止的时间和地点的价值为基础。Thisruleshallnotaffectthedeterminationoftheplaceatwhichtheaveragestatementistobemadeup.本条规定不影响对编制海损理算书地点的决定。WhenashipisatanyportorplaceincircumstanceswhichwouldgiverisetoanallowanceingeneralaverageundertheprovisionsofRulesXandXI,andthecargoorpartthereofisforwardedtodestinationbyothermeans,rightsandliabilitiesingeneralaverageshall,subjecttocargointerestsbeingnotifiedifpracticable,remainasnearlyaspossiblethesameastheywouldhavebeenintheabsenceofsuchforwarding,asiftheadventurehadcontinuedintheoriginalshipforsolongasjustifiableunderthecontractofaffreightmentandtheapplicablelaw.船舶在任何港口或地点停留，而根据规则十和十一的规定将发生共同海损补偿时，如果全部货物或其中的一部分用其他运输方式运往目的地并已尽可能通知了货方，则共同海损的权利和义务，将尽可能地如同没有此一转运而是在运输合同和所适用的法律所许可的时间内可以由原船继续原航程一样。TheproportionattachingtocargooftheallowancesmadeingeneralaveragebyreasonofapplyingthethirdparagraphofthisRuleshallnotexceedthecostwhichwouldhavebeenbornebytheownersofcargoifthecargohadbeenforwardattheirexpense.因适用本条第三款，认作共同海损补偿而由货物分摊的部分不应超过假如由货主承担费用把货物转运至目的港所应支付的费用。RULEI.JETTISONOFCARGO规则一抛弃货物Nojettisonofcargoshallbemadegoodasgeneralaverage,unlesssuchcargoiscarriedinaccordancewiththerecognisedcustomofthetrad