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Q4lecture-basedoracademicR.L.S第四题中首先是一篇学术类短文，75－100个词，45秒种读完。然后听一个教授就此类话题的讲座，大概两分钟左右。然后准备30秒种，responsetimeis60s.一般来说，阅读文章会讲一个或两个概念或定义，一般比较笼统和抽象,但有时也会给出原因或者例子；在教授的讲座中将会通过举例（包括反例）等方式来使阅读材料中的内容更具体，更详实。问题一般会是让你总结一下教授讲座的内容，也就是让你用具体的例子来说明一下文章中的概念。•.Summary:Asummaryisaconcisedescriptionofthemajorpointofsomethingreadorlistenedto.Agoodsummaryshouldfocusonthemajorpointsofthesourcematerialandtherefore,agoodsummaryshould:1.conveythespeaker’soriginalmeaningorintent•2.readlikeacoherentandunifiedparagraph.•Note-taking:•Duringtheprocessofreading,weshouldwritedown:•1.mainidea主题――title•2.Readthroughthewholeparagraph•3.在文章的前面两句话中一般会出现一到两个conceptordefinition,要记下来，因为在后面的听力材料中会出现examples•4.阅读材料中出现的reasons或者是options。•Anidomestication(OG217)•Tamemammals农通•Noteasy•IndicatorSuitability•1．protectiveterritorynonliveclose•2.hierarchicalsocialfollowleader•（1）examples:标志词:forexample,forinstance,letmeshowyouanexperimentprocess举两个相反的例子做对比。例子不可能全部记下来但只要主谓宾要记下来，或者要把实验或者进程的过程要记下来。•（2）因果关系：ETS更倾向于问原因。标志词有thereasonisthat…whyis….因果关系是句子关系中比较重要得关系。•（3）其他的标志词：•Thebestthebiggestthemostbuthoweverfurthermore,andalsobesidesinadditionThespecialfeatureofisthefunctionofsthisthequalityofsthis•Notesforlistening:•LivetoghinherdsHorsesmovedominantmale-domifeyoungsecondfeyong•Programfollowlead•Overlapareasfightoffothersame•安特劳fightanothermale•nosocialhierfollowleader•Summary:oneexample•Originaltext:Whenaherdmoves,thedominantmaleleads,withthedominantfemaleandheryoungimmediatelybehindhim.Thedominantfemaleandheryoungarefollowedimmediatelybythesecondimportantfemaleandheryoung,andsoon.Thisiswhydomesticatedhorsescanbeharnessedoneaftertheotherinarow.They’reprogrammedtofollowtheleadofanotherhorse.•mysummary:Whenhorsesmove,theyalwaysfollowaleaderandtheyhaveahierarchicalsocialstructure.•Template:•1.Topic:•分成两部分：•(1)Thereadingpassagedescribesaconceptoradefinitionof…orThereadingpassagementionsthat/sth.•(2)Inthelisteningpassagetheprofessorusestwoexamplestoexplainorrefutethedefinitionorconcept.Ortheprofessortalksaboutanexperimentoroneofhisorherexperiences.•2.Supportingdetails:•(1).examples•(2).examples•或者把实验或者进程或者经历的过程说清楚•3.Conclusion可以省掉了。•Attention:•1.TheratiobetweenReadingmaterialandlisteningmaterial.1:5reading15秒以内，10之内最佳。•2.无论是阅读还是听力中的笔记，不一定要全部用在speaking中。尤其是听力笔记记得比较好的情况下，听力笔记中很多内容都不能用到speaking中。•3.要学会适当的把阅读材料中的部分重要信息加到听力这部分中去•Topic7:humangenomeproject•notes:(reading)•genomeproject•idealperfecthumamdisease•masterraceendimmoral•notwrongtheway•perfectwhatultimateX↑humanity•Listening:•controlgenome•good:usebeneelimidiseaseParkin•evil:mouldwhowhathuman•noneconclusivenosciecevalue•gove限cloning忌losefund•Speakingsample:•Thereadingmaterialtalksabouthumangenomeprojectandtheidealwastomakeperfecthumanwithoutdiseases.Butforsomereason,theresearchonhumangeneticswasconsideredimmoralandwasdestroyed.Inthelisteningpassage,theprofessortalksaboutthegoodandtheevilthehumangenomeprojectcandotohumanbeings.Firstofall,thebenefitistheresearchcanhelpgetridofmanyhumandiseases.However,iftheprojectislefttothewronghand,itwillaffectwhoandwhathumanbeingswillbe.Theprofessoralsotalksaboutthereasonswhynoneofthegeneticsresearchisconclusiveandhasanyscientificvaluebecauseofthegovernmentrestrictionsandthefearoflosingfundbyresearchers.•15%Human;85%Sheep.Yeah,yougottahearthis.•Scientistshavecreatedtheworld'sfirsthuman-sheepchimera.客迈拉希腊神话(狮头、羊身、蛇尾的吐火女怪“喀迈拉”是生物学上非常常用的一个术语，也是在生物界非常普遍的自然现象。“喀迈拉”一般意译成“嵌合体”，指的是来自不同个体的生物分子、细胞或组织被结合在了一起成为一个生物体-whichhasthebodyofasheepandhalf-humanorgans.Thesheephave15percenthumancellsand85percentanimalcells-andtheirevolutionbringstheprospectofanimalorgansbeingtransplantedintohumansonestepcloser.1.Ohnoes!It'stheriseoftheManimals!!•2.Everytimeyoukill6.666..ofthesesheepyoukillahuman!•3.Itisagovernmentconspiracy-theywantanationofsheeple.•4.Animalorgansbeingtransplantedintohumansmeansmorepeoplefeelingsheepish.•Topic8:AnimalRightsGroup•notes:reading•animalrightsadvocatesboycott•industriesuseanimal•1.farmingindustrymeatmilkeggs•vegetarianvegan•2.furleatherskin•listening:•animaladvocacygroup•passifreeunharm•againstfoodclothing•entertainzoosconfinenaturalbeha•circusstresstrained•furIndus•opponent:annoyingdanger•darkside:firebombprivatehome•damacareggs•mailfakeexplos•pamphlets•speakingsample:•Thereadingmaterialtalksaboutanimalrightsgroupandadvocatesandtheyboycottindustriesthatuseanimal,suchasthefarmingandfurindusties.Inthelisteningpassage,theprofessorgivesabalancedtalkontheactionsoftheseanimaladvocacymembers.Theprofessorthinksthatthesemembersarepassionateaboutgivingfreedomtoanimalsandtheyareagainstthepracticeofusinganimalsasfood,clothingorinentertainmentindustriesbecausebydoingso,thoseanimalswillberestrictedandhavetoundergoalotofpressureofbeingtrained.Thetheprofessorswitchessidesandbringsuptheopponents’viewonthesegroups.Hesaysthattheseadvocacygroupsarecriticizedforbeingannoying.Theyhaveresortedtofirebombingandotherbadmeanstogettheirpointacrosstothepublic.•Listening:•Lastyear•Publicschool↘TA•Protest•Signpamphlets•Publicschooldisruptclasses•Officialhavetoleave•Sidewalkagainsuccessful•Publicschoo