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动名词①admit，appreciate，giveup，imagine，putoff，resist，can’tstand(无法忍受)等后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。②forget，mean，regret，remember，等可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。⑤在短语devoteto，objectto，thankfor，bebusy，lookforwardto，thereisnouse/good/need等动词词组后也必须用动名词形式。⑥在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一次具体行为。⑦.allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.⑧.动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。beworth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.⑨动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种。Weareinterestedinplayingchess.I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.Helikesbeinghelped.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.．分词的时态和语态(1)分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为not＋分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。Beingastudent，hewasinterestedinbooks.Havingstudiedinitforthreeyears，heknowstheuniversityverywell.(2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher，LiMinggaveupsmoking.(3)过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。ThisisabookwrittenbyafamousChinesewriter.如果指的动作现在正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可用现在分词的被动形式作定语。Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.(4)作状语分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。Theteacherstoodthere，surroundedbythestudents.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。Whileunfinished，thepaintinglookedugly.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作，用havingdone表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作，也可用havingbeendone。(5).当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。Timepermitting，I’llfinishanotherlesson.二、转换复合句为非谓语动词1．这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。Therewasalargefactory,whichproducedfertilizer.Everydayitgaveoutalotofpoisonousgas,whichpollutedtheenvironment.→Thereusedtobealargefactory_________________.Everydayitgaveoutalotofpoisonousgas,____________theenvironment.(现在分词作状语)2．当我们赶到校门口时，已经8点了。我们见到老师时，不得不为迟到而向她道歉。Whenwegottotheschoolgateitwaseight.Whenwesawourteacher,wehadtosaysorryforweweresolate.→Whenwegottotheschoolgateitwaseight.____________,wehadtosaysorryforourbeinglate.(现在分词作状语)3．我们认为中学生学习一门外语是必要的。同时我们也认为，中学生掌握一门外语是可能的。Wethinkitisnecessarythatmiddleschoolstudentsshouldlearnaforeignlanguageandwealsothinkthatitispossiblethattheycanmasterone.→Wethink____________thatmiddleschoolstudentsshouldlearnaforeignlanguageand(wethinkit)possibleforthem____________aswell.(it的用法和不定式作真正宾语)4．由于老师的帮助，我英语进步了。因为我英语进步了，我相信我能考上更好的大学。Becausemyteacherhelpsme,myEnglishhasgreatlyimproved.BecausemyEnglishhasgreatlyimproved,I'msureIwillgotoabetteruniversity.→_____________________,myEnglishhasgreatlyimproved,___________(关联词)makesmesureIwillgotoabetteruniversity.(with复合结构作状语)5．为了赶上同班同学，李东不遗余力地学习。为了好好学习，他从不玩电脑游戏。LiDongsparesnoefforttostudysothathecancatchupwithhisclassmates.Heneverplayscomputergamessothathecanlearnbetter.→LiDongsparesnoefforttostudy____________hisclassmatesand____________betterheneverplayscomputergames.(不定式作状语)三.运用非谓语动词转换简单句1．Weweretouchedbytheteacher'swords.Wedecidedtoworkhard._______________________________________________2．Ididn'treceiveherletter.Ihadtowriteagain._______________________________________________3．Theboycametoschoollateagain.Thismadetheteacherveryangry.________________________________________________4．Theboysweremakingthemostoftime.Theywantedtofinishtheworkearlier._________________________________________________5．Isawanoldgranny.Shelayontheground.Iwentovertohelpher._________________________________________________6.①Itishightimewetookpartinsomeactivities.②Wewanttomakeourselvesmorehealthy._________________________________________________7.①Agirlclimbedsohardthatshelosthertemper.②Shecomplainedaboutthelongwalk._________________________________________________8.①Themonitorhassetagoodexampleforus.②Therefore,themonitordeservesthehonorandweshouldlearnfromher._________________________________________________四、改错1.Lookingfromthetopofmountain,thecityisbeautiful.2.Inmyopinion,climbmountainisanenjoyablething.3.—Whichteamisgoodatcooking?—Ateamcalleditselfthesuppercook.五、运用非谓语动词转换短文(根据一般表达写出该短文的高级表达)广州市有大量的出租车司机，他们每天全心全意地为乘客服务，对广州市的交通发挥着重要作用。他们起早贪黑，赚钱养家糊口。有一次，我下车时不小心把手机忘在了车上，但当我和司机同志联系上之后，他立即开车把手机送到了我的家门口，让我感动不已。一般表达：1.TherearealargenumberoftaxidriversinGuangzhou.Theyservepassengersheartandsoul.TheyplayanimportantpartinthetrafficofGuangzhou.2.Theymakesomemoney.Theyworkfromdawntillnight.3.Oneday,IgotoutofthetaxiinahurrysoIleftmycellphoneinthetaxiItook.4.AfterIgotintouchwiththedriver,hedrovetomyhomeandgaveitbacktome.5.Whenisawmyphoneagain,Iwasveryexcited.高级表达：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六．请尽量用非谓语动词来描述以下两篇短文。（仅限5句话）1.高考快到了，我们班举行了一次会议讨