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Chapter2Electronicselectronicsn.电子学，电子仪器，电子设备，电子线路electronica.电子（学）的digitala.数字的，数字式的，计数的Wordsdigitallibrary数字图书馆digitalimage数字图象digitalsignal数字信号digitalcamera数字摄像机；数字照相机digitaltechnology数字技术signal-processinga.信号处理的analogn.①模拟（量，装置，设备，系统）②类似，类比，比拟velocityn.速度，速率thermocouplen.热电偶discretea.离散的，不连续的，分散的thermostatn.恒温器，定温器，温度自动调节器presetv.;a.①预定，预置，（预先）调整②安装程序，给定程序的switchn.开关；v.接通或关断，转变，换接A/D=Analog-to-Digital模数转换，模数变换D/A=Digital-to-Analog数模转换，数模变换transducern.传感器，变送器，发射器，换能器，换流器displayv.显示，显像，表现，陈列，展览；n.显示，指示，表现Notes[1].Tosaythatweliveinanageofelectronicsisanunderstatement.这句话中的不定式短语作句子的主语，而不定式短语中又由that从句作宾语，这种形式一般不多用，避免头重脚轻，本文用不定式做主要主要是为了强调“我们生活在电子时代”这一事实。可以改为”Itisanunderstatementtosaythatweliveinanageofelectronics“。译为：说我们生活在一个电子时代，这一点都不夸张。Notes[2].Fromtheomnipresentintegratedcircuittotheequallyomnipresentdigitalcomputer,weencounterelectronicdevicesandsystemsonadailybasis.从无所不在的集成电路到同样无所不在的数字计算机，电子设备和系统已渗透到人们的日常生活中。Notes[3]Ineveryaspectofourincreasinglytechnologicalsociety—whetheritisscience,engineering,medicine,music,maintenance,orevenespionage—theroleofelectronicsislarge,anditisgrowing.在日益发展的科学社会中，无论是科学、工程、医学、音乐、维修甚至谍报，电子学的作用都是非常大的，甚至越来越重要。Notes[4].Thisinformationmightinvolvespeechandmusic，asinradiobroadcasting，aphysicalquantitysuchasthetempera-tureoftheairinaroom，ornumericaldata，suchastherecordofstockmarkettransactions.此句看似复杂，但主谓宾都比较明显，主语是theinformation，谓语mightinvolve，宾语是由三个并列的短句组成。翻译时关键是看清句子成分。译为：这种信息就像无线广播中的演讲和音乐，或许像室内温度的物理量，或许是股市交易记录的数字数据。Notes[5]Thus,thebehaviorofamechanicalsystem(inwhichforceandvelocityarethevariables)orahydraulicsystem(inwhichpressureandflowratearethevariables)canoftenbemodeledorrepresentedbyanequivalentelectricalsystem这样，机械系统（变量为水和速度）或液压系统（变量为压力和流量）的行为经常可用等效的电力系统建模。Notes[6]Adigitalsignalisonethatcantakeonvalueswithintwodiscreteranges.SuchsignalsareusedtorepresentON-OFForYES-NOinformation.数字信号是在两个离散的范围内取值的信号，这种信号常用来表示开-关或是-否的信息。Notes[7]Anordinaryhouseholdthermostatdeliversadigitalsignaltocontrolthefurnace.Whentheroomtemperaturedropsbelowapresetvalue,thethermostatswitchclosesturningonthefurnace.Oncetheroomtemperatureriseshighenough,theswitchopensturningoffthefurnace.Thecurrentthroughtheswitchprovidesadigitalrepresentationofthetemperaturevariation:ONequalstoocoldwhileOFFequalsnottoocold.一个普通家用的温度的调节装置可以提供控制炉温的数字信号，一旦室内温度升高到允许的程度，开关跳到关闭位置，通过开关的电流提供了一个温度变化的数字信号表示。Notes[8].Asignal-processingsystemisaninterconnectionofcom-ponentsanddevicesthat……atthepropertime.这句话也是个长句，一个句子即为一段。主句是“Asignal-processingsystemisaninterconnectionofcom-ponentsanddevices”.That后面的为修饰devices的定语从句。…Notes[9]Manyelectricalsignalsderivedfromphysicalsystemsareobtainedfromdevicescalledtransducers.许多来自实际系统的电信号都是由传感器提供的。Notes[10]Generally,atransducerisadevicethatconvertsaphysicalormechanicalvariabletoanequivalentvoltageorcurrentsignal.Unlikethethermocoupleexample,however,mosttransducersrequiresomeformofelectricalexcitationtooperate.通常，传感器是将物理或机械变量转换为等效的电压或电流信号的设备，然而与热电偶不同，大多数传感器需要以电激励的方式工作。Notes[11]Onecanseektodisplaytheinformation,eitherinanalogform(usingameter,forexample,inwhichtheneedlepositionindicatesthesizeofthevariableofinterest)orindigitalform(usingasetofdigitaldisplayelementsthatarelitupwithanumbercorrespondingtothevariableofinterest).一种是寻求显示信息的方式，如以模拟的形式（例如用指针指示出所需变量的位置的仪表）或以数字的形式（使用一套数字显示元件）显示占所需变量相对应的一些数字。Notes[12]Otherpossibilitiesaretoconverttheoutputtosoundenergy(withaloudspeaker),ortousetheoutputasaninputsignaltoanothersystem,ortousetheoutputasacontrolsignaltoinitiatesomeaction.其他可能的方式还有将输出信号转换为声能（使用扩音器），或将输出信号作为另一个系统的输入信号，或将输出行为启动某些装置的控制信号。Exercises课内完成section1中的ExercisesI,IIandIII课后作业:p50,exerciseIII(长难句翻译）ExercisesI.Choosethebestanswerintotheblank1.Thevoltageproducedbyathermocouplepairissignal.A.adigitalB.ananalogC.adiscreteD.acontrol2.ON-OFFinformationcanberepresentedbysignal.A.adigitalB.ananalogC.acontinuousD.acontrolExercisesI.Choosethebestanswerintotheblank3.Adevicethatcanconvertananalogsignaltothecorrespondingdigitalformiscalledforshort.A.A/DB.D/AC.D/DD.A/A4.Thethermocouplepairconvertstemperaturedifferencetoa.A.currentB.voltageC.powerD.energyExercisesI.Choosethebestanswerintotheblank5.AD/Aisadevicethatcanconvertadigitalsignaltotheequivalent.A.digitalformB.numericalformC.binaryformD.analogformExercisesII.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext1.Whatisasignal?2.Whichformscanasignalcarryinformationin?3.Whatbasiccomponentsdoesasignal-processingsystemconsistof?4.Whatroledoesatransducerplayinasignal-processingsystem?5.Whatdoestheoutputformofasystemdependon?ExercisesIII.TranslatethefollowingintoChineseAnalogelectronicspertainstothosesystemsinwhichtheelectricalvoltageandelectricalcurrentareanalogoustophysicalquantitiesandvarycontinuously.Electroniccircuitsthatreproducemusicmusthavevoltagesandcurrentsthatareproportionaltothesound.Ahighfidelityamplifyingsystemattemptstokeeptheanalogyastrueaspossible.Analogelectroniccircuitsarecarefullydesignedtomaketheelectricalvoltagesandcurrentsfollowtheinputsignal.IfaninputsignalExercisesIII.TranslatethefollowingintoChinesedoublesinamplitude,theoutputvoltageorcurrental