搜索
Art第四学时Grammar虚拟语气1．概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，也用来表达与事实相反的情况。例如：Ifhehadseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。2．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法英语的条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。例如：Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow，wewillgotothepark.(如果明天不下雨的话，我们就去公园。)在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果(从句动词用过去式，主句动词用would/could/mightdo)IfIwereyou，I_would_goatonce.我是你的话，我会马上走。Ifmybrotherwere_here，everythingwould_beallright.要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。练一练1．把下列句子翻译成英语。①如果他有时间，他就会(可能)和你去。__________________________________________②要是我是你，我就会(可能)对他说实话。_______________________________________①Ifhehadtime，hewould/could/mightgowithyou.②IfIwereyou，Ishould/would/could/mighttellhimthetruth.(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果(从句动词用haddone，主句动词用wouldhavedone)Ifyouhadworkedharder，youwould/could/mighthavepassedyourexams.如果你更努力一点，你就会(可能会)通过考试。IfIhad_beenonthespot，Iwould/should/could/mighthavecalledanambulance.如果我当时在事故现场，我就会打电话叫救护车。练一练2．把下列句子翻译成英语。①要是她早来五分钟，她就能赶上早班车了。_________________________________________________②如果你昨天在这里，他就能找到你了。_________________________________________________①Ifshehadcomefiveminutesearlier，shewouldhavecaughttheearlybus.②Ifyouhadbeenhere，hewouldhavefoundyouyesterday.(3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果(从句动词有三种形式：weretodo/shoulddo/did，主句动词用woulddo)Ifit_were_sunnytomorrow，Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。Ifitshould_rain，thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，庄稼就一定(有可能)得救。Ifitwere_to_snowthisevening，theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。练一练3．把下列句子翻译成英语。①如果你明天能把书还给我，我会非常高兴。________________________________________②如果他知道了真相，你怎么办呢？________________________________________①Ifyouweretoreturnthebooktome，Iwouldbeveryglad.②Ifheshouldknowthetruth，whatwouldyoudo!(4)主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。Ifyouhad_listenedtothedoctor，youwould_beallrightnow.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)。Ifyouhad_practisedspeakingEnglishmore，youwould_beabletospeakitfluently.如果你多练习讲英语，现在就能讲得很流利了。(5)虚拟条件句可以转换的形式①省略连词if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Were_Iyou(IfIwereyou)，Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事。Should_hecome(Ifheshouldcome)，tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。②用介词短语代替条件状语从句Withoutair(Iftherewerenoair)，therewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But_foryourhelp(Ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp)Icouldn'thavedoneit.要不是你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1．IfI___________(start)sooner，Imighthavegotthere.2．Ifhe____________(answer)thedetectivehonestly,hewouldnothavebeenarrested.3．IfI_______________(notdress)inthisuniform，Iwouldn'tfeelsoproud.4．Ifhe_________(depend)ontouristsforhisbusiness，hewouldhavetoclosehisshop.hadstartedhadansweredweren'tdresseddepended5．Isn'tittimethatourgovernment________(take)effectivemeasurestosavetheenvironmentofourcity?6．Iwishthatwomen________(enjoy)equalrightsasmen.7．Theauthor________(finish)hisworkifhehadnotdied.8．HowIwishI________(take)youradvicethen.5.took6.couldenjoy7.mighthavefinished8.hadtaken二、翻译下列句子1．如果有足够的救生艇，就不会有那么多人在事故中遇难。______________________________________2．如果当时时间允许，我们可以把一切都准备好。____________________________________1．Iftherehadbeenenoughlifeboats，therewouldnothavebeensomanypeoplewhowerekilledintheaccident.2．Iftimehadpermitted，wecouldhavegoteverythingready.3．如果我可以飞，我会飞到孩子们最需要我的地方去。______________________________________________4．如果月底能下一场雨，所有的庄稼就有救了。____________________________________________5．要不是这些干扰(interruption)，会议会更早结束。____________________________________________3．IfIcouldfly，Iwouldflywherethechildrenneededmemost.4．Iftherewerearainattheendofthemonth，allthecropswouldbesaved.5．Butfortheseinterruptions，themeetingwouldhavefinishedearlier.三、语法填空NoonecouldrecognizemenowifI1________(not，get)mynewtransistors2________the1960s.Thereweretimeswhenmysizewaschanged.IbecamesmallandthinbutIgotclevererandcleverer，quickerandquicker.AndmymemorybecamesolargethatI3________believeit！ButI4________(remain)lonelybystandingtherebymyselfifthey5________(not，give)meafamily6________(connect)byanetworkintheearly1960s.Icouldshareinformation7________othersandwecouldtalktoeachother.AtaboutthesametimewelearnedtotalktohumansusingBASIC.Iwasbroughtintopeople'shomesinthe1970s.Withoutthis，myfamilyandI8__________(not，use)bybillionsofpeople9________(deal)withinformationandcommunicatewitheachotheraroundtheworldbytheInternet.Ilove10________(use)toconnectpeoplewhoaren'tcloseenoughtospeaktoeachother.Ihavetrulybeenbuilttoservethehumanracesincemybirth.1．解析：这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件。答案：hadnotgot2．in3.couldn't4.wouldremain5．解析：解释同上。答案：hadnotgiven6．解析：过去分词短语作后置定语。答案:connected7．with8．解析：这里用了虚拟语气。答案：wouldnothavebeenused9．解析：不定式作目的状语。答案：todeal10．beingused祝您