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定语从句定语从句的三大特征•Theyareaspecialkindofdoctorswhooperateonsickpeople.•Theyrepairtheorgansthatnolongerworkproperly.•Theywanttogetthesamekindofclothesasthesefashionmodelswear.•Businessmenusuallyworkinanoffice,wheretheyplansbusinessactivities.•Ilivedintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.•（定语从句）后置修饰，紧跟其后。•（定语从句）有关系词连接主句和从句。•定语从句缺少一个成分。关系代词Whose+名词=the+名词＋ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+名词•Thestudents,whoseclassroomisnexttous,arelearningEnglish.改写？关系代词的省略•基本规律-关系代词在从句中充当宾语。介词+关系代词-关系代词不可省略。非限定性定语从句-关系代词不可省略。关系代词填空（能省略的省略不填）Doyouknowthestudent___Ioftentalkwith?Hegavemoneytotheporter___carriedhisbag.Canyousuggestatimein___itwillbeconvenienttomeet?John,______youmetlastnight,wasarrestedbythepolice.关系副词满足以下两个条件1从句不缺少主语宾语成分，缺少状语。2先行词是时间名词＋when先行词是地点名词＋where先行词是Thereason＋whyWhen/where=介词+whichWhy=forwhich•Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.•Thecitywherehewasbornisonthenewrailwayline.•Thisisthereasonwhyheleftthecompany.定语从句使用的注意事项事项1）关系代词只用that不用which•1)当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。ThisisthebestbookthatI'veeverread.•2)当先行词是anything,everything,nothing，all等不定代词Hewilldoeverythingthathecantohelpthatfatherlesschild.•3)当先行词被only,very,just等词修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatI'vebeenlookingfor.Theonlyfurniturethathehadintheroomwasabed.•4)当先行词既指人又指物时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatweremembered.事项1）关系代词只用that不用which事项1）关系代词只用that5)语法重要原则－避免重复，关系代词只能用that。Whothathascommonsensewilldosuchathing?Whoisthegirlthatisshakinghandswithourteacher?6)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.Themodernplaneisnotthemachinethatitwaswhenfirstinvented.事项2）：先行词是人称代词he、指示代词those、不定代词anyone、everyone、nobody等常用who指代,不用that。•Thosewhodon’twishtogoneednotdoso.•HewhohasnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.•Anyonewhohasn’tpaidthemoneybeforethedeadlinewillbefined.事项3）不能用关系代词that•1)在非限制性定语从句中，(逗号后面)不能用关系代词that。（who,whom指人，which指物）ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun,whowasagreatwriter.•2)介词＋关系代词提前，不能用关系代词that。指物时用which，指人时用whom(不可用who)。Thehouseinwhichhelivesisnotfarfromhere.Themantowhommymotheristalkingismyteacher.事项4）修饰先行词theway的三种方法theway＋inwhich/that/x＋定语从句•Canyoushowmethewayinwhichyoumakepaperflowers?•Canyoushowmethewaythatyoumakepaperflowers?•Canyoushowmetheway(x)youmakepaperflowers?事项5）Which可指代主句的整个句子表示主句所产生的结果，＝，andthat•Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.•Theydidratherbadlyinthemathexam,whichwasnotwhatIhadexpected.练习•Thechildkeptonmakingthesamemistake,____filledhisDadandMomwithanger.•Thebag,____colorisredandwhite,isformydaughter.•Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason____mayexplainhisabsence?•October1,1949wastheday____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.事项6）as在定语从句中的用法•as和which在非限制性定语从句中都可以指代主句整个句子的内容，as通常放句首，句中有时也可以，which只能放句尾。As还有一些常用的词组：•AsisknowntoallAsiswellknown•AsisoftenthecaseAsisreported•AsoftenhappensAscanbeseen•Theboyfailedintheexam,___madehisparentsdisappointed.•HemustbefromAfrica,___canbeseenfromhisskin.•______isknowntoall,theearthisround.•_____isknowntoallthattheearthisround.*事项6）as在定语从句中的用法[区分]•ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.•ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.1.such…as…定语从句such…that…结果状从TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishthatchildrencouldunderstandit.练习：•Don’ttalkaboutsuchthings___youdonotunderstand.•Ihavethesameidea___youhave.•Thisissohardaproblem______nobodycanworkout.•Thisissohardaproblem______nobodycanworkitout.事项6）as在定语从句中的用法事项7）强调句VS定语从句Itis/was…that－固定框架被强调部分－不做任何改动其余部分－照抄判断标准－去掉框架，排列组合后是完整的句子。eg.Imetherinthestreetlastnight.强调部分是人的话，that可以用who/whom来代替练习：•ItwasOctober1,1949_______Chinawasfounded.•ItwasonOctober1,1949______Chinawasfounded.It+is/was+被强调部分＋that＋原句其余部分事项8）介词提前Prep.+whom/which•ThefamilythatIstayedwithinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.改写?•Thebabyafterwhommymotherislookingismynephew.对？错？•Yourcarelessnesswithwhichwehaveputupisbeginningtoannoytheteacher.对？错名词性从句名词性从句1什么是名词性从句？从句在复合句中起名词性作用，称为名词性从句。2名词性从句的分类：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句及同位语从句。Thattheyshouldhavedifferentviewsisnatural.Theproblemisthatwearestillshortofmoney.Hebelievedwhattheysaid.Thenewsthathissonhadbeenkilledinthewarwasagreatshocktoher.主语从句•that引导的主语从句Thatmanhavelearnedmuchfromthebehaviorofanimalsishardlynew.•wh-引导的主语从句(注意从句陈述句语序)Howtheprisonerescapedisamystery.Whatheneedsismoreexperience.Whowillbeournewdirectorhasn’tbeendecided.Whethershewouldplaythepartisstilldoubtful.(notice:if不能放句首引导主语从句)•形式主语itIthasnotbeendecidedyetwhether/ifshewillgobybusorbytrain.Itisnotveryclearwhattheyaretalkingabout.Itremainsunknownwhyherefusedthejob.当谓语部分adj为important,necessary,natural,strange,surprising等时,从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气.Itisnecessarythatahighschoolstudent(should)masteraforeignlanguage.当谓语部分p.p.为suggested,ordered,insisted,required等表示建议要求命令时,从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气.*Itisdemandedthathe(should)behereontime.表语从句•that引导的表语从句Thefactisthathedidn’tnoticethecartilltoolate.•wh-疑问词引导的表语从句(从句语序陈述)Theproblemishowscientistscankeepintouchwiththediversunderthesea.•asif/asthough引导的表语从句Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.同位语从句•同位语从句是与先行词同位或同等的从句。•先行词常为含有内容的抽象名词如news,fact,truth,conclusion,hope,decision,belief,opinion,belief,view,feeling,etc注意suggestion,proposal,etc从句用虚拟语气.•N+that引导的同位语从句*Thefactthathishealthisfailingisnottrue.*Hemadeth