新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类

1新课标高考英语重点语法范例第一周派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。一、名词后缀1．动词＋­ion/­tion/­sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correctv．改正；纠正correctionn．改正celebratev．庆祝celebrationn．庆祝；庆祝会concludev．完成；结束conclusionn．结论；结束2．动词＋­er/­or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drivev．驾驶开车；驱赶drivern．司机；驾驶员gatherv．聚集；采集gatherern．收集者；采集者conductv．指挥；管理conductorn．指挥；售票员3．动词＋­ment→名词punishv．惩罚punishmentn．惩罚4．动词/形容词＋­th→名词warmadj.温暖的warmthn．温暖growv．生长growthn．生长5．形容词＋­y→名词difficultadj.困难的difficultyn．困难honestadj.诚实的honestyn．诚实6．形容词＋­ness→名词kindadj.善良的kindnessn．善良7．动词＋­ance→名词annoyvt.使烦恼annoyancen．生气；烦恼8．­ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)membern．成员；会员membershipn．会员资格professorn．教授professorshipn．教授身份9．­ing结尾的名词gardenn．花园gardeningn．园艺greetv．打招呼；问候greetingsn．问候[针对训练]2语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AFromthe1.expression(express)onMary’sface,heknewheleftabad2.impression(impress)onherandifshewonthe3.election(elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment4.Organization(organize),hecouldnotgether5.permission(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof6.pollution(pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterearth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation,hegot7.inspiration(inspire)fromhiswife’swords.Yes,heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis8.determination(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear,youarereallyawonderful9.helper(help)！I’msureIwillbethe10.winner(win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.BItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1.earnings(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses,sowhenhiswifegave2.birth(bear)totheirseconddaughter,theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritionfood.Soon,poornutritioncausedthe3.death(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.Loneliness(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.relations(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6.bravery(brave)and7.perseverance(persevere),hemanagedtogainthe8.citizenship(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.settlement(settle)．Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis:Perseveranceleadsto10.happiness(happy)andsuccess.二、形容词后缀1．常见形容词后缀(1)名词＋­al→形容词(表示“有……属性”，“与……有关”)agriculturen．农业agriculturaladj.农业的(2)动词＋­ive→形容词decidev．决定；下决心decisiveadj.决定性的；关键的(3)动词＋­able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)changev．变化；兑换changeableadj.易变的；变化无常的(4)名词＋­ful→形容词caren．小心；关心carefuladj.小心的；仔细的(5)名词＋­less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)caren.小心；关心carelessadj.粗心的(6)名词＋­ly→形容词friendn．朋友friendlyadj.友好的(7)名词＋­y→形容词dirtn．污物；脏物dirtyadj.脏的(8)名词＋­ous→形容词dangern．危险dangerousadj.危险的32．复合形容词的构成(1)形容词＋­ing分词easy­going随和的(2)形容词＋名词＋­edkind­hearted善良的；好心的(3)名词＋­ed分词water­covered被水覆盖的(4)副词＋­ed分词well­written写得好的(5)数词＋名词＋­edthree­legged三条腿的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的意思1．Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)()2．Thegoodworkingconditioninthiscityisattractive.()3．Youcanrelyonhimbecauseheisreliable.()4．Herwordsstruckfearintoherheartsothatshewassleeplessallnightlong,afraidofbeingkilledunexpectedlysomeday.()5．Itwasafrostycoldmorningwhenhesetofffortheremotevillage.()答案：1.不可思议的；难以置信的2.吸引人的3.可依赖的；靠得住的4.没有睡觉的；不眠的5.有霜的Ⅱ.语篇填空A：用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucylikestalkingandeverybodysayssheis1.communicative(communicate)．Sheis2.active(act)inansweringtheteachers’questionsandfromtimetotimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3.impressive(impress)and4.acceptable(accept).Ofcourse,noteverystudentlikesher,butshehasmanyfriendswhothinkLucyisa5.creative(create)and6.helpful(help)girl.Forexample,sheonceleda7.homeless(home)childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister.Besides,shespent8.countless(count)hourscaringforasickneighboruntilshewaswellagain.Sheis9.friendly(friend)tothosewhohavedifficultywiththeirsubjects.Allinall,Lucyisthemost10.famous(fame)girlinherschool.B：运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Ourjourneywasfar­reachingamongstsnow­covered/capped(雪封的)mountainswherenoEnglish­speaking(说英语的)peoplelive.Thelocalpeoplearegood­looking(相貌好看的),easy­going(随和的)andhard­working(勤劳的)．Ourhostesswasold­aged(年老的)，white­haired(白发苍苍的)andsun­burnt(被太阳晒伤的)．Shegavemehome­made(自家做的)yaksmilkcake,lookingself­satisfied(自足的)asIenjoyedthisraretreatalthoughverywell­known(著名)andwide­spread(广泛流传)aroundhere.IwasexhaustedwhenIfellintotheready­made(准备好了的)bedshepreparedforme.三、动词词缀1．前缀­en＋形容词→动词4enrichv．丰富enlargev．变大；增大；扩大2．形容词＋­en→动词shortenv．缩短widenv．加宽3．­fy结尾的动词simplifyv．简化classifyv．归类4．­ize结尾的动词realizev．认识到popularizev．普及[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线部分的意思1．Extracurricularactivitiesenablethestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks.()2．Thetwocountriesaretryingtheirbesttonormalize_their_relationship.()3.Somethinkthatstudyingabroadcanbroaden_their_horizons.()4．Youwillhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly.()答案：1.使能够2.使关系正常化3.拓宽视野4.使惊惧Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Tryyourbesttomemorize(memory)thesenewwords.2．Thequestionmustbesimplified(simple)sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit.3．Itcostsalotofmoneyifweplantopurify(pure)thewastewater.4．Hequickened(quick)hisstepstoarrivehomeearlier.5．Youcanenlarge(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.四、否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀un­不，非unable不能够unlucky不幸的dis­不，非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous不连贯的in­不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的im­不，非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的