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100个最最常用医学词根和词缀Table1Examplesoforgansandsystems（部分器官与系统术语）中文普通词根/前/后缀形容词示例1心heartcardiocardiaccardialcardiology心脏病学endocarditis心内膜炎myocarditis心肌炎2脑braincerebroencephalocerebralcerebrum大脑cerebellum小脑encephalopathy脑病3颅skullcraniocranialintracranial颅内的4肺lungPulmopulmonopulmonarypulmonology肺病学pulmonitis肺炎5肝liverhepatohepatichepatitis肝炎hepatobiliary肝胆的hepatoenterostomy肝肠吻合6肾kidneynephrorenalnephritis肾炎nephropathy肾病nephrectomy肾切除7胃stomachgastrogastricgastritis胃炎gastrectomy胃切除8肠intestinegutbowelenterointestinalenteritis肠炎gastroenteritis胃肠炎enterostomy肠造口术9食道/管esophagusesophagoesophagealesophagitis食道炎esophagoscopy食道镜10胆（汁）Bilecholebiliarycholecystitis胆囊炎cholesterol胆固醇11脾spleensplenosplenicsplenectomy脾切除splenomegaly脾大12胰pancreaspancreatopancreaticpancreatitis胰腺pancreatopathy胰腺病13膀胱bladdercystcystocysticcystitis膀胱炎cystography膀胱造影14（泌）尿urineurourethrourinaryurology泌尿病学transurethral经尿道的15直肠rectusrectorectalrectoscopy直肠镜检查rectoplasty直肠成形术rectocolitis直肠结肠炎16结肠coloncolocolonalcolitis结肠炎colostomy结肠造口17肌musclemyomuscularmyocarditis心肌炎myoma肌瘤18关节jointarthroarticulararthritis关节炎arthropathy关节病19骨boneosteoosteoarthritis骨关节炎osteoplasty骨整形20髓marrowmyelomyeloma骨髓瘤myelitis骨髓炎myelopathy骨髓病21血bloodhematohematichematology血液学hematoma血肿22血管vesselvasoangiovascularvasopressin血管加压素angiography血管造影23动脉arteryarterioarterialarteriosclerosis动脉硬化24静脉veinvenovenousIntravenous静脉内的25神经nerveneuronervousneuron神经元neuroma神经瘤26细胞cellcytocellularcytology细胞学leukocyte白细胞27眼eyeophthalmooculoocularvisualophthalmology眼科学ophthalmitis眼炎28耳earaudioauditoryaudibleAudiometer听力计audiosurgery耳外科29鼻noserhinonasonasalrhinorrhea鼻溢nasogastric鼻胃的30口mouthorooralorolingual口舌的31舌tonguelinguolingualsublingual舌下的32喉throatlaryngolaryngeallaryngectomy喉切除laryngitis喉炎33咽throatpharyngopharyngealpharyngitis咽炎34气管/道Airway/pipe/passagetracheotrachealtracheostomy气管插管tracheoscope气管镜tracheoesophageal气管食道的35体body-some/some-physicalpsychosomatice身心的chromosome染色体36精神mindpsycho-mentalpsychology心理学psychosis精神病Table2Examplesofdiseasedstates(部分病态术语)含义词跟/前/后缀示例37病patho--pathypathogen病原体/pathology病理学encephalopathy脑病38病态-osisneurosis神经病/tuberculosis结核39增多-osisleukocytosis白细胞增多症40减少-peniapancytopenia全血细胞减少41炎症-itisarthritis关节炎/hepatitis肝炎42肿块-omalymphoma淋巴瘤/carcinoma癌43疼痛-algia-algesiaarthralgia关节痛/analgesia止痛44血症-emialeukemia白血病/bacteremia菌血症45麻痹-plegiahemiplegia偏瘫/myoplegia肌肉麻痹46坏死necro-necrosishepatonecrosis肝坏死/necrotic坏死的47不良mal-malnutrition营养不良/malfunction功能障碍,48流出-rrheadiarrhea腹泻/menorrhea月经49困难/障碍dys-dysfunction功能障碍/dyspnea呼吸困难/dysuria排尿困难50无aan-atypical不典型的/asymptomatic无症状的/anuria无尿/analgesia止痛51复合/多poly-polyuria多尿/polyopia视物显多症52巨-megalysplenomegaly脾大/acromegaly肢端肥大症53结石litho-lithcholelithes胆结石/lithiasis结石病54硬化-sclerosisAthrosclerosis动脉粥样硬化/arteriosclerosis动脉硬化Table3Examplesofsurgicalterminology（部分外科术语）含义前/后缀示例55切除-ectomygastrectomy胃切除56切开-otomycraniotomy开颅手术57造口/吻合-stomycolostomy结肠造口58整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics骨科59造影、描绘-graphyangiography血管造影/radiography拍片60经…/横向trans-transurethral经尿道的/transcutaneous经皮的/transfusion输血61成形-plastyesophagoplasty食道成形术Table4Examplesofdirectionsandpositions(部分方向位置)含义普通前/后缀示例62上Upper,superiorepi-,supra-epigastric上腹部的/supraclavicular锁骨上的63下lower,inferiorinfra-,sub-subclavicular锁骨下的/inferiorvenacava下腔静脉64前front,anterior,priorfore-,ante,pre-,antero,forehead前额/anteroposterior前后的/正位的65后back,posterior,rearpost-,retro-,postero-postprandial餐后的/retroperitoneal腹膜后的66内inner,internalIn-,intra,endo,ento-Inhalation吸入/endoscope内窥镜/intracranial颅内的67外outer,externalex-,exo-extract提取/excretion排泄/exocardial心外的68侧lateralbilateral双侧的/unilateral单侧的/contralateral对侧的69旁/副adjacent,appendixpara-parathyroid甲状旁腺/paracancer癌旁70周peripheral,aroundperi-Perioperative围术的/perinatal围产的71间betweeninter-intercostal肋间的/intercedllular细胞间的72中心Centralcentro-,centri-centrifuge离心/centronucleus中心核Table5Examplesofcellsandcolors（部分细胞与颜色）含义词根/前/后缀示例73色chromo/cromochromosome染色体/cromolyn色苷酸钠74红erythroerythrocyte红细胞/erythromycin红霉素75白Leukoleukocyte白细胞/leukemia白血病76黑MelanoMelanoma黑色素瘤/melena黑便77青、蓝Cyanocyanosis紫绀78淋巴lymphlymphocyte淋巴细胞/lymphoma淋巴瘤79粒Granulogranulocyte粒细胞/granulocytosis粒细胞增多80成细胞blastfibroblast成纤细胞81网状Reticuloreticulocyte网状细胞82嗜碱的basi,baso,alkalobasophil嗜碱性粒细胞83嗜酸的eosino,acidoeosinocyte,eosinophil嗜酸性粒细胞84凝血的Thrombothrombocyte凝血细胞（=血小板platelet）Table6Examplesofcompounds(部分化合物)含义前/后缀示例85（酸）盐-atesulfate硫酸盐/nitrate硝酸盐86醇-olalcohol酒精/taxol紫杉醇/ethanol乙醇87醛-almethylal甲缩醛/retinal视黄醛88糖-saccharide,glyco-,gluco-,saccharo-glycogen糖原/glucose葡萄糖/saccharide糖/polysaccharide多糖89酶-asetransaminase转氨酶/reductase还原酶90素-inheparin肝素/nuclein核素91原-genantigen抗原/collagen胶原92苯基/酚phenol-Phenol酚（石炭酸）/phenate酚盐93氨基amino-Aminoacid氨基酸/aninosuria氨尿Table7Examplesofnumbers(部分数目)前/后缀示例941Mono-monocyte单核细胞952bi-,di-carbondioxide二氧化碳/bilateral双侧963tri-triple三倍/tricyclic三环类的974Tetra-tetracycline四环素/tetralogy四联症985penta-Pentagon五角大楼/pentapeptide五肽99大，宏观macro-macroscopic肉眼的,宏观的100小，微观micro-microscopic显微镜的,微观的.-