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AdverbialClause状语从句一状语从句分类时间状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句地点状语从句伴随状语方式状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句二.能力要求：1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际.3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别.三状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义：在复合句中作状语的从句功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。一.时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once,assoonas,etc.Itwillbetwomonthsbeforehecomesback.Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.2.名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,etc.(一…就…);everytime,eachtime,thelasttime,thefirsttime,etc.I’lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.3.副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately,directly,instantly,etc.(一...就...)4.句型类：nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…,etc.(一…就…)e.g.IwillgiveyouananswerimmediatelyIfinishmywork.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.e.gShehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.Scarcelyhadhegonewhensheappeared.注意:用于句首时应引起部分倒装,且前部分一般用过去完成时________________________(下课的时候),webeganourwriting.Johnsings________________（边走）._________________________（我们看电视的时候）,hewaswritingacomposition.WhenthelessonwasoverashewalksWhilewewerewatchingTV注意：1.when,as,while的区别•when:持续性／非持续性动词都可•as:当；一边…一边；随着•while:持续性动词／进行•2.till,until和not…until小结：•1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：•Wewaiteduntilhecame.•2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：•Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.•3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：•UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.•4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：•ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.•NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.3.连接词before的小结：一、含义1．Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.2．Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.3．Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4．BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.“……才”“不到……就”“趁……”“还没来得及”二．Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.三．1）句型Itwillbe/was＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”如：Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）句型Itwillbe/was＋一段时间＋before…“不多久就……”。如：Itwasn’ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.4.Since的句型•句型Itis＋段时间＋since…时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：•Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.她离开我们班有三年了。•Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere二.条件状语从句1.引导词:if,unless,aslongas(=solongas),incase(that,onconditionthat,provided/providingthat,ifonly/onlyif,granted,granting,given,assuming,supposing/supposeetc.I’vewaitedhereforabouthalfanhour._____Imyselfcoulddriveacar!A.OnlyifB.IfonlyC.IfD.OnlyMostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind,_____theyhuntthemforfood.A.IfB.whileC.unlessD.as2.非真实条件句中应用虚拟语气Eg.Ifyou_________（接受）yourteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedtheexam.3.真实条件句中的时态:e.g.Ifit______（下雨）tomorrow,Iwillnotgoout.hadtakenrainsunless与if…not的用法：Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.Unlessyoustartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.unless在意义上相当于if…not常可以换用•Incasehecomes,letmeknow.•Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.•Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)•Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)•Unlessyoutellhimyourself,he’lllosefaithinyoucompletely.•We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答whysince–通常放句首．译为“既然”as–不谈自明的原因，语气最弱．for–放句中，引导后半句表原因。三.原因状语从句1．引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since,和as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。1.在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since.2.because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时主语一般都是it,this,thatItwas________hewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.It’s_________heistoolazy.3.since表示“既然”，只能放主句前._______youarehere,youmustdoit.because用because,as,since填空becauseSince•1.Johndidn’tcometoschool_____beingillyesterday.•A.becauseofB.becauseC.sinceD.as2.---Mum,canIgoouttoplayfootballwithjessica?•---No,youcan’t____yourhomeworkisbeingdone.•A.beforeB.untilC.asD.when•3.Thesetwoareasaresimilar______theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A.tothatB.besidesthatC.inthatD.exceptthat2．复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,inthat等，如：Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.Now(that)heisabsent,you’llhavetodotheworkbyyourself.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let’sstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.3.原因状语从句•原因状语从句通常由because,as,since,nowthat,considering(that),seeing(that)等词引导。•because语气较强，用以回答why问句•as语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显。•since语气较弱，常表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”。•for放句中，引导后半句表原因。•nowthat既然，表示已知原因放在句首。•consideringthat考虑到／鉴于（句首）•seeingthat鉴于／由于／既然／因为（句首）1.so…that…与such…that…的区别so+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+thatso+many/much/few/little(表数量)+名词+thate.g.Itissohotthatwecan’tsleep.Itissointerestingabookthatshehasreadittwice.such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+thatsuch+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+thatsuch+alotof/lotsof+名词+thatItissuchaninterestingbookthatshehasreadittwice.Therewassuchdeliciousfoodthathehadtoomuch.引导状语从句的连接词有sothat/so…that…/such…that…四.结果状语从句用so,such填空：Therewere____manypeopleintheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.Hemade_____anexcellentsp