牛津英语整理模块七课文及翻译

江苏省淮阴中学2007届高三英语专项训练054号牛津英语模块七编制：王新凤1Unit1TVandaudiodevices:areviewEarlyhistoryofTVThefirstpublicshowingsofwirelessTVtransmissionsweremadein1925intheUSAandin1926inBritain.Later,in1928,thefirstlong-distanceTVbroadcastwasmadebetweentheUKandtheUSA.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyafter,firstbeginningon11May1928inNewYorkandinLondonon20August1929.ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.Becauseofthis,itisstilluncertainwhoinventedTV.Altogether,threemencouldberesponsible.VladimirZworykin,aRussianlivingintheUSA,PhiloFarnsworth,afarmboyfromUtahintheUSA,andJohnLogieBairdfromScotlandallinventedearlyformsofTVbetween1923and1927.Afewyearslater,colorTVwasfirstshownin1929.Ittookmorethantwodecades,though,until1951,forcolourbroadcaststobeginintheUSA.By1967,mostbroadcastswereincolorandwithinfiveyears,morecolourthanblack-and-whiteTVsetswerebeingused.Themodernage:cableTV,satelliteTV,digitalTV,...CableTVbeganin1948intheUSA,butittook50yearsbefore66percentofAmericanhouseholdshadit.SatelliteswereusedtobroadcastTVbeginningin1962.SomeconsiderdigitalTVtobesuperiortosatelliteTVbecauseitallowsthesameservicestobedeliveredwithclearerpicturesthanbefore.InternationalstandardsfordigitalTVwereestablishedin1989andwithinfiveyears,consumersintheUSAhadaccessto200channels.By2004,digitalTVsignalswerebeingreceivedby55percentofhouseholdsinBritain.In1996,acompletelynewconceptwasintroducedwhenthefirstWebTVset-topboxescameontothemarket.ThiscombinestheTVsetwiththeWorldWideWeb.WithinteractiveTVprogramming,youcanplayalongwithgameshows,respondtoquestionnairesandchattootherviewers.EarlyhistoryofaudiodevicesItallbeganin1877whenThomasEdisonmadethefirstrecordingofahumanvoice.Tenyearslater,thefirstrecordplayerwasdeveloped.ItwasinventedbyEmileBerliner,aGermanlivingintheUSA.Atthattime,therecordplayerhadtobewoundupbyhandandonlyplayedarecordfortwominutes.In1958,thefirstLPs(long-playrecords)cameontothemarket.Taperecordersandplayers1931wastheyearwhenaGermancompanybegantomakethefirsttaperecorders,whichcouldrecordandplaysoundsonatapewoundaroundaroundobject.In1948,threeAmericanscientistsinventedthetransistor,whichisasmallelectronicdevicetocontrolanelectriccurrent,buttheyonlydevelopeditformilitaryuse.TwoyoungJapaneseengineershadabetteridea.Theyboughtthepatent江苏省淮阴中学2007届高三英语专项训练054号牛津英语模块七编制：王新凤2andappliedthetechnologytocreatethetransistorradio.In1954,theinventionofthetransistorledtothedevelopmentofcassetterecorders.Then,in1979,theWalkman,aportablepocket-sizedcassettetapeplayer,wasintroducedandbecamesopopularthatWalkmanwasaddedtotheOxfordEnglishDictionaryin1986.SoundgoesdigitalIn1982,thefirstCDs(compactdiscs)producedbyusingdigitaltechnologyweremadeavailable.In1986,whentheD-50,aportableCDplayer,waslaunched,theDiscmanwasborn.Inthefollowingyears,moreCDrecordingsbecameavailable,andin1988,forthefirsttimeever,peopleweredemandingmoreCDsthanLPs.ThenextnewdevelopmentwastheMD(MiniDisc)playerin1992.ThisislikeaminiCDplayerbutcanalsorecordmusicandisveryeasytocarry,beingverysmall,asthename‘mini’indicates.DevelopmentofMP3technologystartedin1987inGermanyandsincethebeginningof1999,thepopularityofMP3hasincreasedtosuchadegreethatmajorcorporationsaretakingovertheportablemusicplayermarketwithMP3players.TheyarethenextsteponfromtheWalkman,DiscmanandMDplayer.BecauseofthepopularityofMP3players,musicwebsiteshavesprungupallovertheInternetofferingMP3musicforpeopletopurchase.1.Whomightbetheinventor(s)ofthefirstTV?A.VladimirZworykinfromRussia.B.PhiloFarnsworthfromtheUSA.C.JohnLogieBairdfromScotland.D.Allthethreeabove.2.Thepassagementions_______country/countrieswhichhas/haveputdigitalTVintooperationby2004.A.onlyoneB.twoC.threeD.atleastfour3.WhomighthaveattributedtothedevelopmentoftheWalkman?A.TwoJapaneseengineers.B.ThreeAmericanscientists.C.ThomasEdison.D.EmileBerliner.4.WhatisthemainfactorthatcausesthespringupofmusicwebsitesallovertheInternet?A.ThepopularityofWalkman.B.ThedevelopmentoftheMDplayer.C.ThedevelopmentofMP3technology.D.ThewideuseofDiscman.5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.(T=title○1=subtitle1○2=subtitle2○3=subtitle3○4=subtitle4○5=subtitle5)江苏省淮阴中学2007届高三英语专项训练054号牛津英语模块七编制：王新凤3Unit2TwoLife-savingmedicinesThisarticlewillfocusontwomedicinesthathavechangedpeople’slives.Ifyouopenupanymedicinecupboardintheworld,thereisahighprobabilitythatyouwillfindaspirinandpenicillin.Bothofthesemedicineshavesavedmillionsofpeople’slivessincetheywereinvented.ASPIRINThedatethataspirinwasinventedisgivenbymedicalhistoriansas1897,butinfact,3,500yearsago,somerecipesrecommendeddrinkingateamadefromthedriedleavesofaparticularplanttoreducebodypains.About2,500yearsago,theGreekphysicianHippocrates,fatherofalldoctors,madeajuicefromthebarkofakindoftreetoreducefeverandpain.Theactivechemicalinthisjuice(salicylicacid)helpedstopthepain.Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedacetylsalicylicacid(ASA)fromsomeotherchemicalstomakeamedicineforhisfather.Thefirsttrialsofthismedicinetookplacein1899whenthecompanyHoffmannworkedforbegangivingthemedicineinpowderformtophysici