经典全面英语语法分类复习(含句子成分,句子类型)

12008高考英语复习常见的英语基本句型结构主+谓Westudyforthebenefitofourcountry.主+谓+宾Wearesearchingfortheinformation.Weshoulddosomethingspecial.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Hepromisedtocomeearlier.主+系+表Wegotlostinthewoods./Hebecameangry.Giventime,hewillmakeanexcellentartist.常见的系动词:be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,touch;become,get,grow,turn,fall,go,come,keep,remain,seem,appear,turnout*系动词判断方法：后面一般跟着adj.而不是adv.主+谓+宾+宾or（主+谓+双宾）or（主+谓+间宾+直宾）Igavehimaheartywelcometheotherday.Hetoldmethegoodnews.常见的+双宾语的动词：bring,take,show,buy,give,teach,tell,write,do,leave,make,lend,get,pay,promise,offer,owe,pass,send,throw,find等。主+谓+宾+宾补Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.Welastfoundhiminthecottage.Wesawhimenteringtheroom.宾补常见于非谓语动词中，常考的有：get,have,leave,catch,let,keep,make,感官动词等。Therebe结构Thereusedtobeapinetreeinfrontofthemountain.Therehappenedtobeastormtheotherday.祈使结构Women,carryingbabies,getonthebusfirst.---Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday.---Whyme?倒装结构Hetoldmeneveroncehadheseensuchabetterresult.SuchisLiuXiang,arecord-breaker..Soharddidheworkthathewontheprizefinally.Atnotimeshallweusenuclearweaponsfirst.强调句结构Whatwasitthatmadehimupsettheotherday?HedoesgetupveryearlyeverySunday.省略结构Neverspeakuntilaskedto.Hedidn’tcometothemeeting,butweallthoughtheshouldhave.感叹结构Whatfun(itis)tojumpintoapoolonahotsummerday!YoucanhardlyimaginehowworriedIwasatthattime.主谓主补结构(也有人称其为：adj作状语)Hisunclefelldowndead.Shelayinbed,awake.Heleftabeggarandreturnedamillionaire.句子的成分1.主语—主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。注意：不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型。2.谓语—说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。3.表语¬—表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。*注意区别：Myjobisteaching.(teaching为表语)与Iamteachingnow.(amteaching为谓语)4.宾语—宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。5.状语—状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词及整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。6.定语—定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词又可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。高考英语句子整体认知部分并列句英语并列句连接词：（并列连词务必要放在句中来使用）and;but;or;neither…nor;either…or;both…and…;notonly…butalso;whether…or主从复合句主从复合句连接词1．名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）that(无中文意思，无语法功能)whether/if;because(有中文意思，但无语法功能)who;whom;whose;which;when;where;why;how(howmany…);howoften;howsoon;howlong;(所有含有w/h引导的从句均为从句连接词)★w/h-ever(用在名词性从句中表示强调的作用)2．定语从句引导词（限定性与非限定性；定整体与定部分的认知）which;who;that;whom;whose;when;where;介词+which/whom/whose;名词/代词+of+which/whom★which/as引导非限定性定语从句3．状语从句：共9个1)时间状语从句when;while;as;before;after;assoonas;until;till;since;bythetime(themoment/theminute/thesecond;directly/immediately;every/eachtime;Hardlyhad…when/Nosoonerhad…than)★eachtime/everytime/nexttime/thefirsttime/thelasttime(名词作为连词)2)地点状语从句★wherewherever3)原因状语从句because;since;as;for;nowthat;seeingthat;considering/given4)条件状语从句if;unless;once;solongas/aslongas;incase;onconditionthat;provided(providing)倘使/假若；supposing/Suppose(that)(大写放在句首使用)5)目的状语从句sothat(后面常有情态动词can/couldmay/might);inorderthat6)让步状语从句although;though;nomatter+w/h;w/h-ever★whether…or…无论…还是…★while★as(倒装)★evenif/eventhough(根据句子逻辑采用虚拟或者非虚拟)7)结果状语从句so…thatsuch…thatsothat(后面无任何情态动词)8)方式状语从句as正像、正如；how如何，怎样9)比较状语从句：as…as；notso(as)…as；than★倍数比较的各种句型★asif/asthough(后面根据句子逻辑采用虚拟或非虚拟)2语法分类复习倒装句及感叹句专练（限时：20′）1.HismotherhadtalkedtohimformanyminuteswhilehewaswatchingTV,but____.A.alittledidhehearB.littledidhehearC.littleheardheD.alittleheardhe2.Manyastudent____thatmistakebefore.A.hadmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havemadeD.hasmade3.Duringthewar,____butalsohelosthiswifeandhischild.A.notwashisjobinthelabtakenawayB.notonlywashisjobinthelabtakenawayC.notmerelyhisjobinthelabwastakenawayD.notjustwastakenawayhisjobinthelab4.——Wehavetostoptalkinghereoutside.Listen,____!——Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.A.TheregoesthebellB.TheredoesthebellgoC.TherethebellgoesD.Goesthebellthere5.Ithinkthisisthefirsttimethatwehavemet.____anywhere.A.BeforehaveweneverseeneachotherB.NeverbeforewehaveseeneachotherC.EachotherhaveweseenneverbeforeD.Neverbeforehaveweseeneachother6.____!Youshouldtakethischancetoattendit.A.HowimportantconferenceisitB.HowanimportantconferenceitisC.WhatanimportantconferenceisitD.Whatanimportantconferenceitis7.Shedidn’tcometothepartylastSunday.____,shemusthavemadethepartymoreexciting.A.IfshecameB.WouldshecomeC.HadshecomeD.Didshecome8.Theyfinallymanagedtoclimbtothetop,but____then.A.wentthechildrendownthehillB.downthehilldidthechildrengoC.downthehillwentthechildrenD.downthehillthechildrenwent9.Ireceivedhismother’stelephonecallateleven.____thathewasbadlyhurtinanaccidentyesterday.A.ThendidIknowB.OnlythenIknewC.OnlythendidIknowD.OnlythenknewI10.——Whatsportdoyoulikebest?——Springboarddiving(跳板跳水).____todiveintowaterfromhighboard!A.WhatafunisitB.HowfunitisC.HowafunisitD.Whatfunitis11.——Theoldmanwouldn’tstayathomeforarestevenifitrained.——____.Hewouldfeelsickifhestayedhomeforoneday.A.SowouldmygrandpaB.Sowouldn’tmygrandpaC.NeitherwouldmygrandpaD.Norwouldn’tmygrandpa12.____forustosurf(冲浪)ontheseainsummer!A.WhatexcitingisitB.HowexcitingisitC.WhatexcitingitisD.Howexcitingitis13.Bynomeans____toourpla