一般过去时的用法一、概念1.表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。如:1)Iwasatthezooyesterday.昨天我在动物园。2)Iwenttobedatelevenlastnigth.昨晚我11:00睡觉。2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。1)WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我在小的时候,我经常在街道上踢足球。2)Myfatheroftendrovetoworklastyear.去年,我爸爸经常开车上班。二、句子结构1.在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。如:(1)Iwasathomeyesterday.昨天我在家。(2)Wewereinthegymjustnow.刚才我们在体育馆。2.在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。如:Ivisitedmyuncleyesterday.昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。3.各种句式(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:主语+动词过去式+宾语或表语。HeworkedinShanghaitenyearsago.(2)一般过去时的否定句:a.主语+didn’t+动词原形+宾语。(did+not=didn't)Hedidn'tdomorningexercisesyesterday.b.主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语。(was+not=wasn'twere+not=weren't)Hewasn'tanEnglishteachertenyearsago.(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:a.Did+主语+动词原形+宾语?DidyoustudyEnglishin1990?b.Was/Were+主语+表语?Washeapupilfiveyearsago?(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:a.特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+宾语?Wheredidyourparentslivefiveyearsago?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?b.特殊疑问词+were/was+表语?Whowasatthezooyesterday?三、时间特征在一般过去时句子中,通常与下列表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday,yesterdaymorning,yesterdayafternoon,yesterdayevening,thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),lastnight,lastweek,lastmonth,lastyear,amomentago(刚才),justnow(刚才),twodaysago,aweekago,in1990,…四、动词过去式的构成规律(一)规则动词的过去式1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。look→lookedplay→playedstart→startedvisit→visited2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。live→liveduse→used3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y改为i,再加–ed。study→studied,try→triedfly→flied4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。stop→stoppedplan→planned,prefer→preferred(二)不规则动词的过去式1.改变动词中的元音begin→begandrink→drankcome→cameeat→ategrow→grewrun→ranknow→knewwin→wonspeak→spoketake→tookwrite→wroteget→got2.变词尾的–d为–tbuild→builtlend→lentsend→sentspend→spentbend→bent3.与动词原形一样cut→cutput→putcost→costhurt→hurtshut→shut4.变-ay为-aid(少数动词)say→saidpay→paidlay→laid5.采用不同词根:sell→soldteach→taughtbuy→bought6.其他am/is→wasare→werehave/has→haddo→did五、加“-ed”后的读音方法1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。finished/-t/help/-t/asked/-t/2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的,读/d/。played/-d/lived/-d/enjoyed/-d/3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面,读/id/。wanted/-tid/needed/-did/visited/-tid/六、句式变化(一)、一般过去式的一般疑问句1.把was,were放在句首,其余位置不变。由Was…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为:Yes,I/he/she/itwas.否定回答为:No,I/he/she/itwasn’t.如果是第一人称,要把was改为were。由Were…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:Yes,we/theywere.否定回答为:No,we/theyweren’t.如:(1)IwasborninShanghai.→WereyouborninShanghai?→Yes,Iwas.(肯定回答)→No,Iwasn’t.(否定回答)(2)TheywereinLiYan’shomelastnight.→WeretheyinLiYan’shomelastnight?→Yes,theywere.(肯定回答)→No,theyweren’t.(否定回答)(3)Itwascloudyyesterdayafternoon.→Wasitcloudyyesterdayafternoon?→Yes,itwas.(肯定回答)→No,itwasn’t.(否定回答)2.在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词did来引导,其余的语序不变。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为:Yes,…did.否定回答:No,…didn’t.如:(1)Johnplayedcomputergameslastnight.→DidJohnplaycomputergameslastnight?→Yes,hedid.(肯定回答)→No,hedidn’t.(否定回答)(2)TheytookatriptoHangZhoulastsummer?→Yes,theydid.(肯定回答)→No,theydidn’t.(否定回答)(二)、一般过去式的否定句1.在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在was,were的后面加上not。如:(1)Hewasintheparkthedaybeforeyesterday.→Hewasnotintheparkthedaybeforeyesterday.(2)Wewerebusylastweek.→Wewerenotbusylastweek.2.在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即:didn’t+动词原形。如:(1)Sheplayedtheviolinlastnight.→Shedidn’tplaytheviolinlastnight.(2)Theyswaminthelakeyesterday.→Theydidn’tswiminthelakeyesterday.(三)、一般过去式的特殊疑问句1.Whatdid…?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)WeateChinesefoodlastnight.→Whatdidweeatlastnight?2.Wheredid?(主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)Theysanganddanceinthemusicroomyesterdaymorning.→Wheredidtheysinganddanceyesterdaymorning?3.Who+动词过去式…?(主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)MikeandTomclimbedmountainslastweekend.→Whoclimbedmountainslastweekend?