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定语从句（基础）适用学科英语适用年级初二/初三适用区域人教版课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点1.定语从句的概念；2.定语从句的先行词；3.定语从句的关系词；4.定语从句的运用教学目标能力：1、能够轻松判断是否是定语从句。2、能够准确选出关系词。教学重点1、定语从句的概念与宾语从句的区别；2、定语从句的关系词的选择教学难点1、定语从句关系词的分类；2、定语从句的关系词的运用。教学过程一、课堂导入教师读句子，让学生听并复述1.sheisthegirlwhohasblueeyes.2.IlovethisEnglishteacherwhoseeyesareblue.3.Atelephoneisaninventionwhichcanhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingfreely.4.Ilikethispersonthathas3storybooks5.Thisistheofficewhereheworked.6.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhecamesolate.二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句，包括反意疑问句的形式，祈使句的反意疑问句，therebe句型的反意疑问句等，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对反意疑问句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的定语从句。三、知识讲解知识点1：定语从句的概念和先行词1.【考查点】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（而在一个句子中充当整个句子的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句）如：IlovethisEnglishteacherwhoseeyesareblue.(定语从句)我爱眼睛是蓝色的这位英语老师Idon’tknowhowyoucangettothepark.(宾语从句)我不知道你怎样才能到达那个公园。2.【考查点】被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如：Afriendissomeonewhosays,What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”AWechat(微信)isaninventionwhichcanhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingfreely.知识点2：定语的关系词~关系代词关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语1.【考查点】既能指物也能指人的关系代词that，whose。如：①Ilikethispersonthathas3storybooks.(先行词是人person)②Hehasamathexercisebookthatwasbroughtbyhisunclelastweek.(先行词是物book)①IlovethisEnglishteacherwhoseeyesareblue.（先行词是teacher）②Mybrotherhaslittledogwhoseearsaresobig.(先行词是dog)2、【考查点】只能用来指代人的关系词who,whom.如：Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.3、【考查点】只能指代物的关系词which。如：Aprosperitywhichhadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.4、【考查点】关系词在句子中充当的成分。如：1、Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）他就是你想见的人吗？2、Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）3、Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（which/that在句中作宾语）农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。4、Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.（(只用作定语)那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（注：当上题先行词指物时它还可以同ofwhich互换）如：Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书知识点3：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when,where,why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。【考查点】关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用。如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？知识点4：关系词的选择取决于从句中的谓语动词1.【考查点】用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.四、例题精析【例题1】【题干】Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,________fromeasttowest.Those________runfromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.A.running;thatB.run;whoC.running;whoD.run;that【答案】A【解析】：主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。【例题2】【题干】Isthisresearchcenter________youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastyear?A.whereB.thatC.theonethatD.theonewhere【答案】：D【解析】：将疑问句改为陈述句：thisresearchcenteris…显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词theone来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。【例题3】【题干】Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whose【答案】：B【解析】因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的thepoint在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。【例题4】【题干】—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovidedA.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose【答案】：C【解析】：因为ofwhich引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。ofwhichthetelephonenumber=whosetelephonenumber。五、课堂运用【基础】1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich【答案】A【解析】：which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke【答案】C.【解析】和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed【答案】D.【解析】where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich【答案】.C.【解析】when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。【巩固】5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when【答案】A.【解析】which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich【答案】C.【解析】which是关系代词，在从句中作visit的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there【答案】A.【解析】where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。【拔高】8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked【答案】A.【解析】本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则theone应该视为先行词。9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked【答案】A.【解析】“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich【答案】A.【解析】withwhich是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heiswritingwithapen.课程小结本节课主要围绕定语从句的常考点展开，即：定语从句的概念，定语从句的关系词，定语从句的先行词等。需要重点掌握的是定语从句的先行词和定语从句的关系词。此外，在初中阶段也会经常接触到定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择，因此，这个考点也需要重点掌握。近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识。