定语从句1

TheAttributiveClause（定语从句）1.关系代词和关系副词的用法；2.关系词辨析。1.正确使用引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。2.能正确运用关系代词和关系副词填空。3.能初步运用定语从句造句。限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句•定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句.1.非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开；非限定性定语从句只对主句起补充或说明的作用；从句部分去掉后，句意完整，表达清楚。2.限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切，紧跟在先行词之后，对它有限制作用，如果去掉，句意表达不清；1.Heismybrother,whoisadoctor.我有一个兄弟，他是医生。（只有一个兄弟）2.Heismybrotherwhoisadoctor.我有一个当医生的兄弟。（至少有两个以上）boyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.TheboywhoisstrongisTomTheboywhoiscleverisTomthehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverTheboyinblueismybrotherTheboyonthebikeisTom形容词介词短语定语从句什么可以做定语•AttributiveClause（定语从句）•概念•在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词引导词Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.先行词引导词ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.Thegirlthat/who/whom/ØwesawyesterdayisMary.先行词引导词作宾语能省略定语从句定语从句引导定语从句的关系词1.关系代词：指代人who，whom，that，whose指代事物which，thatwhose所属关系whose，ofwhich，ofwhom2.关系副词：指地点指时间指原因wherewhenwhy1.Thefruits_____areredaredelicious.A./B.whoC.thatDwhich2.Thechildren____wedon’tknowareforeigners.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.／4.Ienjoythesong_____Iheardjustnow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.Ø棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.that/whichisbrownMyhouse喜欢打篮球的这个男孩八岁了.Theboywho/thatenjoysplayingbasketballis8.1.ThegirlisAnn.Thegirlissmiling.2.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.Thegirlwho/thatissmilingisAnn.(主语subject)Theboywho/thathasaroundfaceisTom.3.TheboyisTom.Iknowhim.Theboywho/that/whom／ØIknowisTom.4.Sheisangrywiththepig.Thepigiseatingherflowers.Sheisangrywiththepigwhich/thatiseatingherflowers.宾语(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.ThescientistØwemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhointheworld.whomthat(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.whichØSummary:一.关系代词who/whom的用法1.1）Who指代人，可以做主语也能做宾语。2）who不能用在介词后2.1）whom指代人，只能做宾语。2）whom可以用在介词后介词+whom如果先行词是拟人化的动物，也可以用who/whom.Sheisthegirlwhom/whoIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirlwith_________Iwentthere.她就是和我一起去那的那个女孩。whomwhothat的用法区别当先行词是人的时候，who和that在许多情况下可以通用，下列情况宜用who而不用that1).当先行词是one,ones,anyone时，宜用who。Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.那些奉承我的人并不能取悦于我。2).当先行词是those时，宜用who.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.凡是想去长城的人在这签名。3).在therebe开头的句子中，宜用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.有位老人想见你。二、关系代词thatwhich的用法1.1）that既可以代人，也可以代物。2）that不能用在介词的后面，3）that不能在非限制性定语从句中。2.Which1)只能代物2）可以用在介词后介词+which3)可以用在非限制性定语从句中Mike’sdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.麦克的狗，现在已经很老了，病死了。（非限制性定语从句，指代物，只能用which.）that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much等不定代词时。Isthereanythingelsethatyoudon’tunderstand?(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。Allthebooksthatyouneedarehere.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisisthesameknife(that)Ilostyesterday.Thisistheverypen(that)sheislookingfor.(5)先行词既有人又有物时。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools(that)hehadvisited.注意：that不能用于非限制性定语从句或介词后。Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledastarter.6.当主句中已有疑问词who或which时，宜用that.Whichisthebike________youlost?你丢失的自行车是哪一辆？that在下列情况中用which而不用that1.在非限制性定语从句中，只宜用which,不宜用that.Beijing,__________isthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.北京是中国的首都，它是一座非常美丽的城市。2.关系代词前有介词时，只能用which,不能用that.介词+whichThisisthehotelwhich/thatyouwillstayin.Thisisthehotelin_______youwillstay.3.有两个定语从句时，其中一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary_________wasnewlyopentous.让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。whichwhichwhich5.先行词为that，those，而且是指物时，用which，而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？4.有两个定语从句时，其中一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。三、关系代词whose的用法1.Whose在定语从句中充当定语，它可以代人也可以代物，它的后面一定有一个名词。Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.我看见一位皮包被人偷了的妇女。Pleaseshowmethebook.Thecoverofthebookisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred.请把封面是红色的那本书拿给我看看。注意：whose可以代物，当代物时，它相当于“…ofwhich”四、关系代词who,whom,that,which在定语从句中的省略。1.Thisistheherothat/who/whomweproudof.(关系代词在定语从句中做宾语，而且介词在句末，关系代词可省略)Thisistheheroofwhomweproud.（介词在关系代词的前面，不能省略关系代词）2.有些“动词+介词”组成的短语动词，关系非常密切。此时，介词不能前置。Iwanttotakeaphotoofthegirl(that/who/whom)mymotherlooksafter.我想给我妈妈照顾的那位小姑娘照张相。关系代词在下列情况中可以省略。1.关系代词在从句中担任动词的宾语时。Thepeople(who/whom/that)wemetatthepartywereveryfriendlytous.在晚会上见到的人对我们很友好。2.关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语，而介词在句末时。Hereistheman(that/who/whom)youhavebeenlookingfor.你一直在找的那个人来了。注意：只有在限制性定语从句中才可以省略关系代词，非限制性定语从句中不能省略。3.关系代词在从句中做表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecity(that/which)itusedtobe.上海再也不是过去的上海了。4.在therebe句型中，或先行词为way时，关系代词总是省略。Thereisanoldman(who)wantstomeetyou.这儿有一位老人要见你。Idon’tliketheway(that)youtalktoothers.我不喜欢你和别人谈话的那种方式。五、关系副词的定义1.关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词。2.在定语从句中担任成分—状语，即在从句中起副词和介词短语作用。3.起连接作用，它把两个句子连成一个定语从句的主从复合句。关系代词有下列三种：1.Where:在从句中做地点状语，指代地点。2.when:在从句中做时间状语，指代时间。3.Why:在从句中做原因状语，指代原因。由关系副词引导的定语从句引导词:whenwherewhy1.Istillremembertheday____IfirstcametoBeijing.IfirstcametoBeijingontheday.先行词“theday”在从句中做状语,表示时间:(所以用关系副词when。)比较：Istillremembertheday(_________)wespendtogether.Wespentthedaytogether.先行词“theday”在从句中做spend