高中语法：系动词(朱朱)

连系动词及其用法连系动词（即系动词）用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征或身份。表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。常见的系动词是be,它的变化形式为：am/is/are/was/were.除了be动词,其他的系动词（半系动词）大致可分为四类：1.Whatisalinkingverb?１.他正看着这幅图。这幅画看上去很美。２.这听起来是个好主意.请按铃喊他们进来。３．他经常在电视上出现，他看起来似乎很年轻(appear)。Translation:HeoftenappearsonTV,heappearsyoungHeislookingatthepicture.Itlooksnice.Itsoundsagoodidea.Pleasesoundthebellandaskthemtocomein.★连系动词（即系动词）本身有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与表语连用。说明主语的状态，性质，特征或身份。表语通常由名词、形容词，分词或介词短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。系动词与实义动词的区别★实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词可单独做谓语，主要说明主语的行为或者动作。系动词分类系动词的分类1.状态类（be)2.表像类（seem,appear,looklike）3.感官类（sound,look,taste,smell,feel）4.变化类(become,get,turn,come,grow,go,fall,run,make…)5.持续类(remain,keep,stay,stand)6.终止类（prove,turnout,cometrue）2.系动词的用法1.表像类系动词:包括seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、显得)，注：appear强调表面（视觉上），有时事实并非如此；seem心里感觉“像…”，按一定的根据判断，往往接近事实。▲常用句型：①sb./sth./There+seem/appear+tobe+表语②sb./sth.+seems/appears+todo…=Itseems/appears+that从句③Itseems+like+n.asif+句子Eg:Heappears/seemstobeveryfriendlywithus.Theyappear/seemtohavemisunderstoodme.Itseemsasifshewereinadream.n.adj.☆seem,appear,look“看起来像”1.他看起来对我很友好。2.他们看上去已经误解我了。3.他看起来正在看电视=Itseems/appearsthatheisfriendlytous.=Itseemed/appearedthattheyhadmisunderstoodme.=Itseems/appearsthatheiswatcingTV.Heseems/appearstobefriendlytous.Theyseemed/appearedtohavemisunderstoodme.Heseems/appearstobewatchingTV.1.他看起来对我很友好。2.他们看上去已经误解我了。3.他看起来正在看电视2、“感觉”类系动词:look(看起来)，feel(摸上去)，smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)等。★常用句型：感官动词+（如：look）Eg:Thoseorangestastegood.Whathesayssounds(like)agoodidea.◆选词填空（feel,smell,taste）1.I______thetableandthetable_____cold.2.Theflowers_________sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.3._______sodelicious,thefoodinthismarketwassoldoutsoon.adj.like/of+n.feltfeltsmellingTasting3.“状态变化”类:表示主语从一种状态变化成另一种状态。常见的有:become,get,turn,grow,come,go,fall,run,make等。1)become由一种状态变到另一种状态，多用来表示变的结果，常接形容词或名词作表语。▲常用句型：become+Eg:Thecitywillbecomerich.Theybecameclosefriends.adj./nsa.+n.2)get多用来表示变化过程，常接形容词作表语。▲常用句型：get+Eg:It’sgettinglate.Igotcaughtforspeeding.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimetogetchangedbeforetheparty.tobe+n.adj.(时间、气温的变化)done遭遇到，被、、、3)turn多用来指颜色或质的变化，常接形容词或者名词作表语。①adj.颜色词（red,blue,purple,…）天气形容词(sunny,foggy,snowy,…)②n.☆名词前一般不用冠词（若名词前有形容词，可以加a/an）☆“年龄”词（表示年龄的变化）Eg:Thetrafficlightshadturnedred.Heturneddoctor5yearslater.（=becamea）Hewillturn30nextyear.▲turn+4)grow多用来指长高，长大，变老等，强调“逐渐变化”（由小变大，由少变多，由弱变强，着重变化的过程）,常接形容词作表语。▲常用句型：grow+adj./done(发展、变化的过程)eg:Jamesgrewolderdaybyday.5)fall强调状态（动态到静态）▲常用句型：fall+adj.(ill/asleep/silent)6）come强调发展转向好的状态。▲常用句型：cometrue/right/alive(栩栩如生)eg:Wrongnevercomesright.7)go多用来指质的变坏，常接形容词作表语。▲常用句型：go+eg:gowrong/hungry/mad/blind.8)run表示发展的状态不是人们所希望的，常接形容词作表语。▲常用句型：runshort/dry/wild交通信号灯颜色的变化强调由好变坏，“变质”turn+单数名词成为一名…becomea/an+单数名词Eg.Hehasbecomeanexcellentactor.=Hehasturnedexcellentactor.状态变化系动词状态变化系动词用法习惯搭配go多指朝坏的方面变化,也常与表颜色的词连用wrong,bad,mad,hungry,blindetc.turn表“颜色,气味,天气,职业,年龄,时间”等1特殊用法,可接年龄和时间2接单数名词时,单数名词前不接冠词grow表成长,发展中的变化strong,tall,thick,healthyetc.fall表由动态到静态的转变ill,sick,silent,asleepetc.come表事物的发展转向好的状态right,true,aliveetc.run表发展的状态不是人们所希望的dry,short,wildetc.getbecome常用来指人或物的状态的变化become接名词时,名词前接冠词gethurt,getpaid1.Whenwe_______up,we'regoingtohelpbuildupourcountry.2.Herface_______red.3.Themeat_______bad.5.Themachine______outoforder.6.Myfatherwassotiredthathe_____asleepquickly.7.Hehas_______anexcellentactor.=Hehas______excellentactor.8.Myson______6inJuly.9.He____paidforteachingothers.10.Isawthatthegardenhad_____wildgrowturnedwentgotfellcome,get,fall,grow,turn,go,become,runbecometurnedturnedgetsrun4.持续类系动词:表示主语持续某种状态。常见的动词有:remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，lie(呈…状态,置于),continue(继续、仍旧)Eg:ThepopulationgrowthinChinaremainsaproblem.Thebooklayopenonthedesk.★remain（主语的特征、状态自始至终保持不变）的用法归纳：※remain+adj./n./v-ed/v-ing/介词短语(依然、仍然)tobedone(尚待、有待于、还要)remainremain+n.remain+adj.remain+v-ed/ingremain+prep.phraseremain+todosth.remainHisbrotherhasbecomeanengineerwhileheremainsaworker.TheweatherstillremainedcoldinApril.WhenIreturned,sheremainedsittingthere.Heleftandmuchworkremainedundone.HisfamilyremainedathomewhilehelookedforworkinLondon.Nothingremainstobesaid.(现在已经没有什么好说的了)Choosethebestanswer1.Itisagoodplanintheory,butit_____tobeseenwhetheritworksinpractice.A.waitsB.staysC.standsD.remains2.Heremained______thoughwerepeatlyaskedhimtositdown.A.standB.tostandC.stoodD.standing3.Thetrueauthorofthebookremains_____.A.knowB.toknowC.unknownD.knowing5.终止类系动词:表示动词的动作和过程所产生的结果，常用动词prove(证明是),turnout(结果是,证明是)，cometrue(实现，表结果)。▲常用句型：turnout/prove+(tobe)+adj./n.Eg:Hisideaprovedtobeacceptable.Herdreamhascometrue.2.prove1.Hiscouragewasprovedinthebattle.2.Heproved(tobe)braveinthebattle.A．___________________?你能向我证实它吗？B．___________________.这个理论结果证明是对的。CanyouproveittomeThetheoryprovesright结果证明是，最终显现为，系动词证明，证实，实义动词=Heturnedout(tobe)brave.他在这场战斗中证明了他的勇气。结果表明他在战争中是勇敢的。Fillintheblanks1.Theoldman_________(似乎)deaf.2.He_________(显得)quitewell.3.She___________________(没感觉)safeenough.4.Themixture____________(品尝)terrible.5.Nowmydream_________(变为)true.6.James______________(长)biggereveryyear.7.Youmust______(保持)healthy.8.Cou