科研论文的构思、撰写和发表

科研论文的构思、撰写和发表医学神经生物学国家重点实验室神经生物学系54237522治道楼909、[e-mail]马兰预告鲁白教授：Howtopublishyourpapersinthetopscientificjournals本周三下午2点（306教室）秦伯益院士：（谈科研创新问题）10月10日（星期四）下午2点（306教室）1.Why?为什么要撰写和发表论文？2.What?什么是科学研究论文？定义特点结构3.How?如何撰写科研论文？Why?为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？•基础研究的成果以论文形式表现•发表论文的质量与数量是衡量科研工作者水平和效率的客观标准•PublishorPerish!Why?为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？•研究结果只有发表了，他人才能重复、验证，结果才可能成为知识•撰写和发表论文是科研工作的最后一道工序•科学研究的目的是发表Why?为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？•科学研究的关键是可重复性、可被他人验证•科研工作者必须提供书面材料让同行知道他做了什么、为什么这样做、怎样做的、发现了什么？•科研工作者不仅要“做”研究，而且要“写”研究Why?为什么要开设科研论文构思、撰写和发表课程？•博士应具有构思、撰写和发表论文的能力•研究生院要求博士研究生发表SCI论文•研究生及部分导师缺乏科学交流技巧、“写”科学的训练,因此增加了博士论文的工作难度、影响了研究生培养的质量课程的目的•知道Whatisagoodpaper•掌握构思要点、基本撰写方法和技巧•提高分析和表达结果的能力•避免常见错误•提高论文的可读性•了解论文的投稿、评阅和发表过程•增加论文被高影响力刊物接受的机率主要内容•创新性•选题•撰写要点•结果的表达•投稿和评阅•常见错误•口头报告•实验记录•学位论文•综述•基金申请•学术道德What?什么是科学论文？公开发表的、描述新研究结果的书面报告；必须按一定的方式撰写和发表首次出版：1.新研究结果的首次公布2.以同行能够重复实验、验证结论的形式发表3.发表在同行很容易得到的刊物上或其它媒介（同行评议杂志）上科研论文写作的要求•条理清楚，摆事实、讲道理•语言简单、平实、明确、直接•容易被理解和接受•正确、准确地使用英语vetral/ventricle;casual/causal•用最少、最短的词科学论文的基本结构Introduction,Methods,Results,andDiscussion(IMRAD)•I:Whatandwhy?研究什么问题？为什么研究这个问题？•M：How?如何研究的？•R：What?发现了什么？•D：What?发现意味着什么？标题•重要性•体现创新点•包含所有关键词（检索）•吸引人•用动词、句子采用动词（1）•Hippocampallong-termpotentiationisreducedbychronicopiatetreatmentandcanberestoredbyre-exposuretoopiates.J.Neurosci.•HeterologousactivationofproteinkinaseCstimulatesphosphorylationofd-opioidreceptoratserine344andthisresultsinb-arrestin-andclathrin-mediatedreceptorinternalization.JBiolChem•Anti-HIVagenttrichosanthinenhancesthecapabilitiesofchemokinestostimulatechemotaxisandGproteinactivationandthisismediatedthroughinteractionoftrichosanthinandchemokinereceptor.JExpMed采用动词（2）•Divalentcationsandligandsinduceconformationalchangesthatarehighlydivergentamongb1integrins.JBiolChem•InhibitionofCamKIIinrathippocampusattenuatesmorphinetoleranceanddependence.MolPharmacol.•ChemokinereceptorCCR5functionallycouplestoinhibitoryGproteinsandundergoesdesensitization.JCellBiochem•Carboxylterminusofdeltaopioidreceptorisrequiredforagonist-dependentreceptorphosphorylation.BiochemBiophysResCommun采用动词（3）•N-methyl-D-aspartateattenuatesopioidreceptor-mediatedGproteinactivationandthisprocessinvolvesproteinkinaseC.MolPharmacol.•Endogenousdelta-opioidandORL1receptorscoupletophosphorylationandactivationofp38MAPKinNG108-15cellsandthisisregulatedbyproteinkinaseAandproteinkinaseC.JNeurochem•ActivationofN-methyl-D-aspartatereceptorattenuatesacuteresponsivenessofdelta-opioidreceptors.MolPharmacol•Cholecystokinin-Breceptorantagonistsattenuatemorphinedependenceandwithdrawalinrats.Neuroreport采用词组•IdentificationofGprotein-coupledreceptorkinase2phosphorylationsitesresponsibleforagonist-stimulateddelta-opioidreceptorphosphorylation.MolPharmacol•Differentialrolesofcorticotropin-releasingfactorreceptorsubtypes1and2inopiatewithdrawalandinrelapsetoopiatedependence.•Identificationofahumanbrain-specificisoformofmammalianSTE20-likekinase3thatisregulatedbycAMP-dependentproteinkinase.JBiolChem•Selectiveinterferenceofb-arrestin1withkanddbutnotmopioidreceptor/Gproteincoupling.JBiolChem.•Differentialandtissue-spesificexpressionofmitochondrialelongationfactorTuandTsduringdevelopment.ActaBiochBiophSin•Differentialefficaciesofkagoniststoinducehomologousdesensitizationofkopioidreceptor.NeurosciLett采用词组（冒号）•Reactivationofmorphineconditionedplacepreferencebydrugpriming:roleofenvironmentalcuesandsensitization.Psychopharmacology•Five-transmembranedomainstructureissufficientforaGproteincoupledreceptor:Functionalfive-transmembranedomainchemokinereceptors.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA.•EtorphineinhibitscellgrowthandinducesapoptosisinSK-N-SHcells:involvementofpertussistoxin-sensitiveGproteins.NeurosciRes•Retardationofpaindevelopment:acaseofrecoveryfromcongenitalinsensitivitytopain.ActaAnaesthesiolScand类似的研究（1）•Differentialregulationofbeta-arrestin1andbeta-arrestin2geneexpressioninratbrainbymorphine.Neuroscience•AcuteandchronicmorphinetreatmentsandmorphinewithdrawaldifferentiallyregulateGRK2andGRK5geneexpressioninratbrain.Neuropharmacology类似的研究（2）•Directanddifferentialinteractionofbeta-arrestinswiththeintracellulardomainsofdifferentopioidreceptors.MolPharmacol•Directbindingofbeta-arrestinstotwodistinctintracellulardomainsofthedeltaopioidreceptor.JNeurochem类似的研究（3）•Functionalexpression,activationanddesensitizationofopioidreceptor-likereceptorORL1inneuroblastomaxgliomaNG108-15hybridcells.FEBSLett•Endogenousopioidreceptor-likereceptorinhumanneuroblastomaSK-N-SHcells:activationofinhibitoryG-proteinandhomologousdesensitization.NeuroreportNotsogood(1)•Mechanisticstudiesofthetranslationalelongationcycleinmammalianmitochondria.BiochimBiophysActa•Molecularcharacterizationandfunctionalexpressionofopioidreceptor-likereceptor.CellRes.•Functionalexpressionofopioidreceptor-likereceptoranditsendogenousspecificagonistnociceptin/orphaninFQduringembryogenesis.CellResNotsogood(2)•Identificationandcharacterizationoflarge,complexformsofchloroplasttranslationalinitiationfactor2fromEuglenagracilis.JBiolChem•Immunologicalcharacterizationofthecomplexformsofchloroplasttransla