朗费罗及人生礼赞赏析

•人们在临死前通常要给后人留下遗嘱,可一位在克里米亚作战的英国士兵临死前却在背诵《人生礼赞》。•诗的作者就是美国历史上最伟大的诗人之一亨利•华兹华斯•朗费罗(HenryWadsworthLongfellow)。HenryWadsworthLongfellow(1807-1882)HenryWadsworthLongfellowLifeWorksAPsalmofLifeI.HisLife1.LongfellowwasbornonFebruary27,1807,toStephenLongfellowandZilpah(Wadsworth)LongfellowinPortland,Maine,andhegrewupinwhatisnowknownastheWadsworth-LongfellowHouse.2.Henrywasenrolledinadameschool(anearlyformofaprivateelementaryschoolinEnglish-speakingcountries.妇孺学院)attheageofthreeandbyagesixwasenrolledattheprivatePortlandAcademy.3.Inthefallof1822,the15-year-oldLongfellowenrolledatBowdoinCollegeinBrunswick,Maine,alongsidehisbrotherStephen.HisLife4.Aftergraduatingin1825,hewasofferedajobasprofessorofmodernlanguagesathisalmamater（母校）.5.ThenhewenttoEuropetostudylanguage,againstthewishofhisfatherwhothoughthissonshouldbecomealawyer.For4years,hestudiedlanguagesinFrance,Spain,Italy,GermanyandEngland.HisLife6.InMadrid,hespenttimewithWashingtonIrvingandwasparticularlyimpressedbytheauthor'sworkethic.IrvingencouragedtheyoungLongfellowtopursuewriting.7.HeservedasaprofessorofmodernlanguagesatBowdoinCollegefrom1829---1835.8.HetaughtmodernlanguagesatHarvardfrom1836to1854.HisLife9.Hisfirstmarriageendedin1835,whenhiswifedied.In1843,hemarriedthedaughterofawealthyindustrialistwhogavehimwealth,anddomestichappiness.10.HespenthislastdaysinCambridge.11.HeistheonlyAmericanmanofletterstobehonoredwithabust（半身像）inthePoet’sCornerinWestminster.II.WorksLyrics:VoicesoftheNight«夜吟»(1839);BalladsandOtherPoems«歌谣及其他»(1842);PoemsonSlavery«奴隶制度诗篇»（1842）Longpoems:Evangeline«伊凡吉林»（1847）;SongofHiawatha«海华沙之歌»（1855）;CourtshipofMilesStandish«迈尔斯斯坦狄什的求婚（1858）Drama:MichaelAngelo«迈克尔安吉洛»Translation:DivineComedy«神曲»WritingstyleSimplicity,directness,sweetness,purity,gentleness,musicality,sentimentalityBelongtothemilderaspectoftheromanticmovement,andstronglyinfluencedbytheGermanromanticlyristsMajorthemes:idealizedvisionofworldandlifehisworkuntouchedthereligiousandsocialstrugglesAPsalmofLifeByHenryWadsworthLongfellowPsalmoflifeisthefirstEnglishpoemintroducedtoChinaBackgroundofthepoemPoemappreciationBriefanalysisIt’sAbout…Backgroundofthepoem《人生礼赞》写于1838年，诗人爱妻波特1835年因流产而病故，他一度陷入悲痛之中，而当他追求阿普尔顿（五年后成为他第二任妻子）时，又遭遇颇多波折。于是他感到百感交集，觉得人生充满挫折，内心不免伤感，但在诗文中，他则勉励人们在人生道路上不懈努力，不断进取，不断追求。全诗一气呵成，感情强烈，为世人传诵。Thepoemwaswrittenin1838whenLongfellowwasstruckwithgreatdismay:hisfirstwifediedin1835,andhiscourtshipofayoungwomanwasunrequited.However,despiteallthefrustrations,Longfellowtriedtoencouragehimselfbywritingapieceofoptimisticwords.NewWordsPsalm[sɑːm]:songthatpraisesGodbut:onlyslumbers:sleepgoal:aimreturnest:returndestined:decidebyfatefleeting:lastingonlyashorttimestout:strongmuffled:makeasoundquieterbivouac:campdumb:unabletospeakcattle:cowsandbullsstrife:conflict,strugglehowe’er:howevero’er:oversublime:ofveryhighqualitysolemn:seriousforlorn:lonelyandunhappytakeheart:feelmorepositivelabour:workPoemappreciationLongfellow’s“APsalmofLife”Tellmenot,inmournfulnumbers,Lifeisbutanemptydream!“人生只是梦幻一场!——不要用哀婉的诗句对我说:poeticmetersForthesoulisdeadthatslumbers,Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.因为昏睡的灵魂不再有生活,而事物也不是表面的模样。sleepsThefirststanzatellsusthattheauthordoesnotbelievethatlifeisjustanemptydream.Hecriticizesthosepeoplewhohaveapessimisticattitudetothelife.Hesayssuchnumbsoulisadeadone.Longfellow’s“APsalmofLife”Lifeisreal—Lifeisearnest—Andthegraveisnotitsgoal;坟墓并非人生追求的目标；人生即真，不能虚度!Dustthouart,todustreturnest,Wasnotspokenofthesoul.这并非对灵魂的写照。你来自尘土，归于尘土,YouarefromdustandreturntodustthequotationfromtheBibleThesecondstanzapointsfurtheroutthatapersonmaydiebuthisspiritwillnot.Longfellow’s“APsalmofLife”Notenjoyment,andnotsorrow,Isourdestin’dendorway;我们命运的终点或道路，不是享乐,也不是忧伤;destined:fatedButtoact,thateachto-morrowFindusfartherthanto-day.发现我们比前一个今天都有进展。只是行动，并且每一个明天Thethirdonesayssolongasweworkactively,eachdaypeoplemakemoreprogressthanbefore.Longfellow’s“APsalmofLife”Artislong,andtimeisfleeting,Andourhearts,thoughstoutandbrave,我们的心尽管坚强又勇敢,学艺须日久，时光飞如箭。shortstrongStill,likemuffleddrums,arebeatingFuneralmarchestothegrave.敲打着葬礼的鼓点走向坟墓。依然像蒙住的鼓lowandunclear沉闷的Longfellow’s“APsalmofLife”Thefourthstanzaadmitsthatlifelastsshort.Longfellow’s“APsalmofLife”Intheworld’sbroadfieldofbattle,InthebivouacofLife,在人生临时的营站,在世界辽阔的战场,临时宿营toemphasizetheshortnessofhumanbeing’slife,aswellastosuggestthatlifeisalsoafightfiledwhichcontainsalotofstruggles.Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!Beaherointhestrife!要在奋斗中作个英雄好汉！不要像无言无语任人驱使的牛羊!fightingLongfellow’s“APsalmofLife”Thefifthstanzaencouragespeopletostrivebravelyinthelife.Longfellow’s“APsalmofLife”•TrustnoFuture,howe’erpleasant!LetthedeadPastburyitsdead!让死的过去把死的事物埋葬!别指望未来，不管它多么光明!Act―actinthegloriousPresent!Heartwithin,andGodo’erhead!赤心胸中存，上帝在天堂!行动吧，在活生生的现实中行动！Thesixthonecautionspeopletocherishthepresentandnottoputtheirhopetotheuncertainfuture.Longfellow’s“APsalmofLife”LivesofgreatmenallremindusWecanmakeourlivessublime,我们能使生命崇高无限，伟人的生平把我们提醒：崇高的,另人赞叹的veryhighqualityandcausinggreatadmirationAnd,departing,leavebehindusFootstepsonthesandsoftime.在时间的沙滩上留下脚印串串。即使辞世也留身后美名，Thesev