GRE类比反义重点

GRE类比反义重点【整理】2011-07-1806:17:58|分类：書山學海|标签：|字号大中小订阅一.概述(一)常见类比关系分类A.种属关系1.alcove:recess::A—turret:chimneyB—dome:roofC—column:entranceD--foyer:ballroomE—foundation:building--BThealcoveisakindofrecesswhichisfromedbypartofthewallbeingsetback.Thedomeisakindofroofwhichisroundandwithacircularbase.B.组成关系1.stanza:poem::A—pirouette:balletB—rhyme:verseC—duet:chorusD—act:operaE—mimicry:pantomime--DApoemismadeupofstanzas.Soanoperaismadeupofacts.2.bouquet:flowers::A—forest:treesB—husk:cornC—mist:rainD—woodpile:logsE—drift:snow--D三个选项都有组成关系之色彩。A.树组成森林；D.木头组成木堆；E.drift是指自然界风吹成的堆状物，如沙丘dunce，雪堆snowdrift。因为无论花束还是木头堆都是人工形成，而其他则为自然形成。Soabouquetisabunchofflowers,andawoodpileisapileoflogs.当有若干选项都有正确之项时，则能和题干产生第二层对应者为最好。C.人及其工具1.saw:carpenter::A—brush:painterB—typewriter:authorC—trowel:bricklayerD—wagon:farmerE—scissors:tailor--E五个选项似乎都对，和题干有第二层对应者方为正确答案。人及其工具是第一层对应；锯子能将木头分成两半，剪刀能把布料分为两半，此是第二层对应。Trowel的主要功能是抹泥桨，而不是将砖头分两半。D.同义词1.contiguous:abut::A—possible:occurB—simultaneous:coincideC—comprehensive:exceptD—synthetic:createE—constant:stabilize--BB和E都是同义关系，题干在英语中强调两件事物相邻，而B强调两件事情同时发生，此为二层对应，故B。E.程度类比1.troubled:distraught::A—annoyed:disillusionedB—disturbed:interruptedC—coveteous:rapaciousD—outmoded:ostentatiousE—tranquil:placid--C程度类比的前提是先找同义词，然后再看是否有程度差别。Covetous来自动词covet，这只是一种脑子里一闪而过式的贪婪，而rapacious来自rape，这却是强盗式的贪婪，程度明显更深。F.褒贬/贬褒程度类比1.entangle:involve::A—coution:fearB—compel:forceC—grill:questionD—replicate:copyE—waver:adhere--Centangle强调卷入不好的、难缠的事情之中，是一个贬义词，而involve强调卷入一般的事情，是个中性词。在类比中，习惯将中性词归为褒义词。Togrillsb.istoquestionhimintensivelyandhostilely.2.frugal:miserly::A—confident:arrogantB—courageous:pugnaciousC—famous:aggressiveD—rash:foolhardyE—quiet:timid--A前褒后贬，且有程度差别。B不对，过分的courageous并且有贬义色彩的词不是pugnacious好斗的，而是foolhardy愚勇的。G.事物及其放置位置1.envelope:letter::A—scarf:hatB—box:bagC—crate:produceD—neck:headE—blood:heart--C信放在信封里，农副产品放于篓子中。什么必然放在什么里，就是所谓事物及其放置位置关系。H.形容词修饰名词1.frenetic:movement::A—perceptive:analysisB—effortless:expressionC—focused:thoughtD—spontaneous:behaviorE—fanatical:belief--E无论题干还是E都给我们狂热的感觉，而且搭配得当。形容词修饰名词关键在形容词，因为它的修饰作用给我们带来直接的感觉。I.动作及其结果1.inflate:burst::A—atrophy:evaporateB—pull:tearC—expose:hideD—excavate:increaseE—break:shatter--B充气导致爆裂，而拉扯导致撕裂。E不对，粉碎程度超过破碎，此乃程度类比。J.学科及其研究范畴1.aesthetics:beauty::A—ethics:etiquetteB—epistemology:knowledgeC—logistics:truthD—rhetoric:reasoningE—theology:morals--BTheaestheticsisabranchofphilosophywhichtriestomakeclearthelawsandprinciplesofbearty.Whiletheepistemologyisabranchofsciencewhichstudiestherulesandprinciplesofknowledge.K.正面特征(1)人及其正面动作特征1.proctor:supervise::A—prothet:ruleB—profiteer:consumeC—profligate:demandD—prodigal:squanderE—prodigy:wonder--D监考人的最主要动作就是supervisethestudents.prophet最主要的动作应该是predict。profiteer的最主要动作应该是投机speculate。Aprodigalisakindofpersonwhosquanders.人和他所做的最主要、最体现其特点、最正面的动作，此所谓人及其正面动作特征。(2)人及其正面性格特征2.coward:craven::A—liar:facetiousB—dupe:gullibleC—commentator:causticD—judge:impartialE—criminal:hostile--DAcowardhasacravencharacter.Soadupehasamaincharacterofgullibility.(3)事物及其正面特征3.skirmish:insignificance::A—revolution:democracyB—duel:formalityC—feud:impartialityD—bout:sparringE—crusade:remoteness--B在西方，决斗是正规、正式的，有特定的时间、地点和武器，还需要arbitrator在场。L.反面特征与正面特征相对立，即：某个词是另一个词最反面的、最对立的特点。1.audacious:trepidation::A—refractory:intransigenceB—laconic:volubilityC—sordid:aspirationD—cursory:accumulationE—derisive:subordination--B反义词其实就是反面特征的一种极端形式，当反面特征达到了完完全全相反的程度，就变成反义词了。同理，同义词是正面特征的极端形式。B为答案。一个说话简洁的人反面特征volubility。M.消除关系所谓消除关系就是…把…消除了1.anxious:reassurance::A—resentful:gratitudeB—perplexed:clarificationC—inured:imaginationD—vociferous:suppressionE—abstemious:indulgence--EReassuranceistheactofremovingsb'sanxiousfeeling,whileclarificationistheactoffreeingsb'smindfromperplexedconditions.消除关系发生于两个不同的人，你焦虑，我来使你放心，你困惑，我来澄清。而反面特征发生在同一个人，我是节制的abstemious，我就不放纵indulge。N.X:正常1.twig:limb::A—microbe:slideB—galaxy:starC—doggerel:poetryD—plant:rootE—brook:river--EAtwigisasmalllimb/branch.Abrookisasmallriver.X:正常其实是一种种属关系的特例，不过这个种有其独特的个性而已。O.动作及其表达内心感情1.preen:self-satisfaction::A—fume:angerB—inhibit:spontaneityC—regret:guiltD—resent:cooperationE—brood:resolution--ATopreenoneselfistoshowone'sself-satisfaction.Sotofumeistoexpressone'sanger.P.因果关系所谓因果关系就是原因及其导致的相应结果。1.apologize:contrite::A—aggravate:contemptuousB—endorse:esteemedC—extenuate:guiltyD—compliment:impressedE—rationalize:modest--D因为后悔contrite，所以才道歉apologize。因为被打动了impressed，所以禁不住赞扬compliment。Q.缺乏关系1.melodrama:subtletyA—chimera:wuthenticityB—parody:witC—war:strategyD—brief:abstractE—hypothesis:theory--A情节剧类似于肥皂剧，剧内的好人与坏人一目了然，结局往往是皆大欢喜，扬善除恶，因此它无法反映社会的深刻、复杂和微妙的矛盾。它缺乏subtlety，同理，chimera是神话中所虚构之兽，如麒麟、龙，它缺乏authenticity真实性。R.真:假/假:真关系1.astrology:astronomy::A—alchemy:chemistryB—homeopathy:zoologyC—mythology:classicsD—pedagogy:philosophyE—phenomenology:linguistics--Aastrology是一种假的astronomy，alchemy是一种假的chemistry。S.X:完整(1)碎片:完整1.shard:pottery::A—flint:stoneB—flange:wheelC—cinder:coalD—fragment:boneE—tare:grain--DTheshardisthebrokenpieceofpottery.Thefragmentisthebrokenpieceofbone.C不对，煤渣是烧出的渣，而不是broken后形成的渣。这种碎片:完整还有很多对：crumb:bread，shaving:wood，filin