29动名词与现在分词的区别

1动名词与现在分词区别2动名词doing现在分词doing动名词与现在分词的区别动名词与现在分词的判断：动名词与动词现在分词不同处在于：在句子中充当的成分不同。也就是说，当看到一个动词的-ing形式时，要通过分析这个词在句子中充当的成分后再判断它是动名词还是现在分词。3动名词和现在分词各充当的成分动名词：顾名思义，保留动词的意思，但是词性已经变为名词。在句子中充当：主语，宾语，表语，定语现在分词：倾向于形容词词性。也仅是保留动词意思，但不再是动词在句子中充当：表语，定语，宾补，状语4请判断以下句中doing是什么词Itisnousesayingso.Iaminterestedinreadingbooks.Ican’thelplaughing.Myjobisteaching.Hearingthissadnews,hecouldn’thelpcrying.Iheardhimsingingintheroom.5动名词作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾：常见固定用法有：It’snousedoing…做……没有好处/用处It’snogooddoing…做某事无益/无用It’snoharmdoing…做……并无害处It’sawasteoftimedoing…例如：It’snousegoingtheretoday;hewon’tbeathome.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’swalkhome.6Writingthebookhastakenupallhissparetime.做主语的是动作。Seeingisbelieving.动名词与动词不定式做主语的区别在于：todo这个形式常表“将要”，表”目的“。doing这个形式常表”事实”--Whatmakeshimsosad?--___thewatch.A.ToloseB.LostC.LosingD.Lose7--Whydoyoucomehere?--________.A.toseeyouB.seeingyouC.seeyouD.Iwanttoseeyou83．doing在句子中充当宾语，往往跟在某些固定动词后。也就是我们常说的某些固定动词后面再接动词，必须接动词的-ing形式。如：Hearingthewords,shecouldn’thelpthinkingofherpastbitterness.(can’thelp这个动词，后面接宾语，如果宾语表达的是动作，是个动词，那就要把动词变为名词性，即doing。此处doing为动名词。)Weallavoidedmentioningthatmatter.同理★能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是后面只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,can’thelp,imagine,keep(on),don’tmind,practise,putoff,stop,goon,resist,suggest等，如：Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?9在need,want,deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：Thedoorneedsoiling/tobeoiled.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(尽量努力地写)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛笔试着写)Icouldn’thelpfinishingit.(不能不结束某事)Icouldn’thelptofinishit.(不能帮助结束某事)Theyleftofffishing.(停止钓鱼)Theyleftofftofish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼)Theystoppedtalking.停止讲话Theystoppedtotalk.停止在做的事，而去讲话Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔)10以下动词既可接不定式做宾语，又可接动名词做宾语，注意意思上的区别：rememberforgetregretlikestopmeanpreferhatecontinueremembertodosth记得去做某事rememberdoingsth记得做过某事forgettodosth忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过/做了而又忘了regrettodosth很遗憾要去做某事Iregrettotellyouabadnews我很遗憾要告诉你一个regretdoingsth后悔做了Iregrethavingsaidthat.meantodo打算想做某事.meandoing意味着11Ratherthan____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_____abicycle.A.ride,rideB.ridingrideC.ride,torideD.toride,ridingprefersthtosthpreferdoingsthtodoingsthprefertodosthratherthandosth12keepdoingsth一直做某事keepon/updoingsth坚持做某事considerdoing考虑做某事considertobe认为tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone13CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_________thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventedC.tohaveinventedD.havinginventedThetaskisconsidered________(finish).14Iamsorry,Iamtoobusy.Ican’thelp____thedoorofyouroffice.A.tosweepB.sweepingC.sweptD.tobesweptWhenIsawher,Icouldn’thelp___.A.tolaughB.laughingC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed15Somethingiswrongwithhislegs,sohecan’tstand____thebookontheshelf.A.toreachB.reachingC.reachedD.reachesSomethingiswrongwithhislegs,andhecan’tstand_____fromit.A.sufferingB.sufferC.sufferedD.suffersIhaveheardthatthesportsmeetingwillbeputoff____(hold)tillnextFriday.16★动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。就是我们常说的：介词后面遇到动词，要把动词变为-ing形式常见的有：insiston/persistin/thinkof/dreamof/objectto/hearof/prevent…from/keep…from阻止，抑制/stop…from/feellike/beengagedin忙于/lookforwardto/dependon/thank…for/excuse…for/devote…to/setabout开始做某事/spend…in/get(be)usedto…/befondof/beafraidof/betiredof/succeedin/beinterestedin/beproudof/burstout/giveup等，如：Peopleobjecttosmoking.Preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事preventfrombeingseenordiscovered.Stopyourdogfromsnappingatme.别让你的狗咬我。Excusemeforbeinglate.Whydoyoupersistinthinkingthatway/doingso?Heinsistedonseeingushome.Theyallobjectedtoputtingthemeetingoff.Areyouinterestedingoingtotheshow?I’mthinkingofgoingtotownthisafternoon.Idon’tfeellikeeatinganything.Sheisafraidoffallingbehindtheothers.Hefinallygottiredofdoingofficework.Burstoutlaughing.突然大笑起来；17动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very,quite等副词来修饰，如：Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Ourdutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul.Thesituationisencouraging.Thiscakeisveryinviting.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.186．动名词还可以作定语，如：singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying-pansleeping-pillwalkingstickteachingmethod注：动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，它和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。19判断现在分词？动名词？workingpeopleworkingconditionsaswimmingpoolaswimmingboyasleepingcarasleepingchild20三、动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构。有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个形容词性物主代词或名词所有格即‘S，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语中。如：Itisnouseyoursayingso.Itisnouseyousayingso.ItisnouseTom’ssayingso.ItisnouseTomsayingso.注①：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格，（换言之，如果放在句首，结构必须是物主代词或名词所有格。)如：Idon’tliketheideaofus/ournothelpingatall.Idon’tmindJanebuyinganotherone.注②：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，