西方文化导论1

U1_mainGetStartedTextStudySupplementaryResourcesGetStarted_mainGetStartedGetStarted1.AGeneralIntroduction2.FocusInGetStarted_1.1GetStartedGetStarted_1.2GetStartedGreekculturedatesbacktotheNeolithicAge(about4000BC).ByitsBronzeAge(about2800BC),Greekculturehadcometoastageofsubstantialdevelopmentinviewofitsabilitytoproduceusefultoolsandarticlesandweaponsinbronze,aswereevidencedbytheunearthedartifactsintheneighborhoodoftheAegeanSea.TheAegeanCivilizationortheStoneandBronzeAgeCivilizationwasthusshapedandincludedCretanCivilizationandMycenaeanCivilization,whichappearedsubsequently,withahighlevelofculturaldevelopment,aswasdemonstratedinitsarchitecture,artandcraftsaswellasthepictographicscriptwhichhadbeenusedwidely.GetStarted_1.3GetStartedAftertheDorianinvasion,Greecewasfurtherdividedintoanumberoftribesbeforetheywereorganizedintothecity-states.TheancientGreekeconomyheavilydependedonslavelabor,themostpopularresourceforproductionatthattime,andlaidthefoundationforthesuccessofGreekculture.Inthe5th-4thcenturiesBC,theslave-baseddemocracypoliticsinAthensreacheditspeakduringPericles’reign,providingacomparativelyfreeenvironmentforthedevelopmentofGreekculture.However,splitoccurredbetweenthetwostrongestcity-statesandwarsamongmostpoleiscausedthedeclineofGreekCivilization,anditwasconqueredbyRomanEmpirebefore146BC.GetStarted_1.4GetStartedHistorically,Greekcultureisofarichvariety,lastingvalueandwideinfluencearoundtheworld.Undertheadministrationofthecitygovernmentanditsstimulationonculturalexchange,culturalprosperityroseupinarchitecture,philosophy,literature,artsandsports.Suchanintellectualclimatehenceledtotheemergenceofanumberoffamousphilosophers,artistsandhistorianswhoproducedtheirremarkablecontributionstoGreekCivilization.GetStarted_2.1GetStartedTogetabriefviewofthehistoryanddevelopmentofGreekCivilizationTobefamiliarwithGreekcultureinmythology,religion,philosophy,history,literatureandartsToknowsomerepresentativephilosophersandtheircontributionsTextStudy_mainTextStudyTextStudyI.TheEarlyPeriodofGreekCivilizationII.TheDevelopmentandtheEndofGreekCivilizationIII.GreekCultureTextStudy_I_1.1TextStudyMainIdeasMainIdeasAgesStagesCharacters&CulturalAchievementsPre-historicalAgeStage1:CretanCivilization(5000yearsago)2600BC–2000BC,theNeolithic2000BC–1600BC,socialclassesappeared;Minos－aunifiedcountryfromsmallercity-states.During1600BC–1125BC,MinoanDynastywasweakenedandtoppled.TextStudy_I_1.2TextStudyMainIdeasMainIdeasPre-historicalAgeStage2:MycenaeanCivilization(endedinthe12thcenturyBC)Mycenaewasacountrywhereslaveswerecommonlyusedinagriculturalandhandicraftproduction.MycenaeanculturebenefitedmuchfromCretancultureonitssocialandeconomicdevelopment.HeroicAgeTheperiodisbetweenthecomingoftheGreekstoThessalyandtheGreeks’returningfromTroyandculminatesintheTrojanWar.TheTrojanWarhadhelpedtoproducetwofamousepics,OdysseyandIliad.TextStudy_I_1.3TextStudyMainIdeasMainIdeasDarkAge1200BC–800BCItwaspeopledwithmanylegendarynameslikeHercules,Ajax,AchillesandAgamemnon.GoldenAgethe8th–the4thcenturyBCItcanbedividedintothreeperiods:thearchaicperiod,thecentralperiodandtheperiodofdependence.TextStudy_I_2.1TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsInterpretationofCulturalTermsTheNeolithic新石器时代:Itisaperiodinthedevelopmentofhumantechnology,beginninginabout9500BCintheMiddleEastthatistraditionallyconsideredthelastpartoftheStoneAge.TheNeolithicisameasuredprogressionofbehavioralandculturalcharacteristicsandchanges,includingtheuseofwildanddomesticcropsandtheuseofdomesticatedanimals.TextStudy_I_2.2TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsInterpretationofCulturalTermsMinos米诺斯:InGreekmythology,MinoswasakingofCrete,sonofZeusandEuropa.Afterhisdeath,MinosbecameajudgeofthedeadinHades.TheMinoanCivilizationofpre-HelleneCretehasbeennamedafterhimbythearchaeologistArthurEvans.TextStudy_I_3.1TextStudyComprehensionExercisesMultiplechoice.(1)____isthemajorfoundationintheWesterncultureandmakesapowerfulimpactonthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.A.AncientEuropeancultureB.AncientGreekcultureC.AncientChinesecultureD.AncientEgyptiancultureComprehensionExercisesA.theNeolithicAgeB.theBronzeAgeC.theStoneandBronzeAgeD.theOldStoneAgeTextStudy_I_3.2TextStudyComprehensionExercises(2)Greekculturecandatebackto____.ComprehensionExercisesMultiplechoice.A.farmingB.handicraftandtradeC.religionD.philosophyTextStudy_I_3.3TextStudyComprehensionExercises(3)MycenaeanculturewasinfluencedthemostbyCretancultureon____.ComprehensionExercisesMultiplechoice.A.theHeroicAgeB.theGoldenAgeC.theCretanCivilizationD.theMycenaeanCivilizationTextStudy_I_3.4TextStudyComprehensionExercises(4)TheTrojanWarbrokeoutattheendof____.ComprehensionExercisesMultiplechoice.A.archaicB.centralC.dependentD.darkTextStudy_I_3.5TextStudyComprehensionExercises(5)ThefirstOlympiadbeganinthe____periodoftheGoldenAge.ComprehensionExercisesMultiplechoice.TextStudy_I_4.1TextStudyThinkandDiscussGiveabriefintroductiontotheTrojanWarandcheckreferencestoknowmoreaboutthewar.TheTrojanWarbrokeoutattheendoftheMycenaeanCivilization.Allthecity-statesinMycenaesenttroop