-1-摘要第一段:写论文解决什么问题1.问题的重述a.介绍重点词开头:例1:“Handmove”irrigation,acheapbutlabor-intensivesystemusedonsmallfarms,consistsofamovablepipewithsprinklerontopthatcanbeattachedtoastationarymain.例2:……isareal-lifecommonphenomenonwithmanycomplexities.例3:An(effectiveplan)iscrucialto………b.直接指出问题:例1:Wefindtheoptimalnumberoftollboothsinahighwaytoll-plazaforagivennumberofhighwaylanes:thenumberoftollboothsthatminimizesaveragedelayexperiencedbycars.例2:Abrand-newuniversityneedstobalancethecostofinformationtechnologysecuritymeasureswiththepotentialcostofattacksonitssystems.例3:Wedeterminethenumberofsprinklerstousebyanalyzingtheenergyandmotionofwaterinthepipeandexaminingtheengineeringparametersofsprinklersavailableinthemarket.例4:Aftermathematicallyanalyzingthe……problem,ourmodelinggroupwouldliketopresentourconclusions,strategies,(andrecommendations)tothe…….例5:Ourgoalis...that(minimizesthetime)……….2.解决这个问题的伟大意义反面说明。如果没有……Withoutimplementingdefensivemeasure,theuniversityisexposedtoanexpectedlossof$8.9millionperyear.3.总的解决概述a.通过什么方法解决什么问题例:WeaddresstheproblemofoptimizingamusementparkenjoymentthroughdistributingQuickPasses(QP),reservationslipsthatideallyallowanindividualtospendlesstimewaitinginline.b.实际问题转化为数学模型例1Weformulatetheproblemasanetworkflowinwhichverticesarethelocationsofescortsandwheelchairpassengers.例2:Anaïvestrategywouldbetoemploytheminimumnumberofescortstoguaranteethatallpassengersreachtheirgatesontime.c.将问题分阶段考虑例3:Wedividethejumpintothreephases:flyingthroughtheair,punchingthroughthestack,andlandingontheground.-2-第二、三段:具体分析1.在什么模型中/建立了什么模型a.主流模型例1:Weformulateadifferentialmodeltoaccountfortheratesofchangeoftheseuses,andhowthischangewouldaffecttheoverallconsumptionofwaterwithinthestudiedregion.例2:Weexaminedthemathematicaleffectsof…….Wedevelopedadetailed……(simulationmethodology)totestourideasandtoquantifythedifferencesbetween(among)different……(strategies).例3:Basedon(writeyourbasis.suchasthetheoryofsupplyanddemand),weestablishamodel(suchasdifferentialequationsystemthatincludesdemand,supply).例4:To(writetheaims),weestablishacriterion(writethecriterion).b.模型非主流例5:Webuildamodeltodeterminehowtolayoutthepipeeachtimetheequipmentismoved.例6:Wedetermine…………例7:Webuildamodeltodetermine……….例8:Weformulateamodelfor………Byanalyzing…andexamining…..2.分析模型(使用什么数据,怎么做,一般三句话)a.写历史数据例1:UsinghistoricaldatafromtheUnitedStates,wedetermineinitialconditionsforourmodel.b.写计算机模拟例1:thismodelleadstoacomputersimulationofcatch-cantestsoftheirrigationsystemand……例2:Softwarepackingreaches………bycalculatingandcomparing………..c.运用数据模拟例1:togroundthismodelinreality,weincorporateextensivedemographicdataandrun……例2:Wefitthemodifiedmodeltodata(suchas1970-2003.).Weconcludethat(writethelastconclude).d.讲详细分析例1:Wephysicallycharacterizethesystemthat…例2:Weprovideastrategy(writethelogicalstrategy).例3:The…modelis(efficient,intuitive,andflexible)andcouldbeappliedto…例4:Tomeettheneedsofpeopletodaywithout,weestablishacriterionofrational(合理的标准)oilallocation(分配).-3-3.总结该模型的结果/得到什么结论a.说明不是最优但能产生作用例:Weshowthatthisstrategyisnotoptimalbutcanbeimprovedbyassigningdifferentnumbers……b.说明如果用这个模型,结果如何例1:IfDeltaAirlinesweretoutilizethenaïvestrategyatAtlantaInternationalAirport,thecostwouldbe……例2:Wemodifythemodeltoreflect(sometrendsuchasexponentiallyincreasing……)andgeneralizethemodelto(otherfield).例3:OurresultsaresummarizedintheformulafortheoptimalnumberBoftollboothsforc.通过其上情况的列举得到的结论例:Forvarioussituations,weproposeanoptimalsolution.d.得出了结论例1:weelicitthataconclusion.例2:Weconcludewithaseriesofrecommendationsforhowbestto…e.进一步说明其他因素对模型的影响例:Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscusspoliciesfor…..f.用真实数据检验模型例:Todemonstratehowourmodelworks,weapplyitto………..最后一段:写总的结论a.说明结论的可行性例:Oursuggestedsolution,whichiseasytoimplement,includesadetailedtimetableandthearrangementofpipes.b.说明算法的广泛性例1:Ouralgorithmisbroadenoughtoaccommodatevariousairportconcourses,flightschedules,andflightdelays.例2:Ouranalysisbeganbydeterminingwhatfactorimpact……,Ourconclusionsarepresented……c.说明模型可用于其他领域例:Sinceourmodelisbasedon……itcanbeappliedto(otherdomain).其他(承上启下的连接词/常用词组)例:Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscuss……引言部分(1)回顾研究背景,常用词汇有review,summarize,present,outline,describe等(2)说明写作目的,常用词汇有purpose,attempt,aim等,另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达(3)介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围,常用词汇有study,present,include,focus,emphasize,emphasis,attention等-4-方法部分(1)介绍研究或试验过程,常用词汇有teststudy,investigate,examine,experiment,discuss,consider,analyze,analysis等(2)说明研究或试验方法,常用词汇有measure,estimate,calculate等(3)介绍应用、用途,常用词汇有等结果部分(1)展示研究结果,常用词汇有show,result,present等(2)介绍结论,常用词汇有summary,introduce,conclude等讨论部分(1)陈述论文的论点和作者的观点,常用词汇有suggest,repot,present,expect,describe等(2)说明论证,常用词汇有等support,provide,indicate,identify,find,demonstrate,confirm,clarify(3)推荐和建议,常用词汇有suggest,suggestion,recommend,recommendation,propose,necessity,necessary,expect等。摘要中常用的词语汇:critical至关重要的algorithm运算法则amethodofevaluating评价方法appropriate近似的consider考虑configurations布局optimal统一的maximize使…最大化strategy策略parameter参数,主要的决定因素accuracy精确性strengthsandweaknesses优点和缺点contact相关的contract建立,构造calculate计算establish建立formula公式modify改进rational合理的countermeasure对策criteri