World War Ⅱ

1939.9.1~1945.9.2Theindeliblememory•Revealtheunknowntruth•Facethehistory•Lookbackandthinknow!TheSecondWorldWar•Reasons•Process•ResultandinfluenceBriefIntroductionOfWorldWarTwoPartOneWorldWarII,ortheSecondWorldWar,(oftenabbreviatedWWII)wasaglobalmilitaryconflictwhichinvolvedamajorityoftheworld'snations,includingallofthegreatpowers,organizedintotwoopposingmilitaryalliances:theAlliesandtheAxis.Thewarinvolvedthemobilizationofover100millionmilitarypersonnel,makingitthemostwidespreadwarinhistory.Inastateoftotalwar,themajorparticipantsplacedtheircompleteeconomic,industrial,andscientificcapabilitiesattheserviceofthewareffort,erasingthedistinctionbetweencivilianandmilitaryresources.Over70millionpeople,themajorityofthemcivilians,werekilled,makingitthedeadliestconflictinhumanhistoryTime:1stSeptember1939------15thAugust1945Twoopposingmilitaryalliances:theAlliesandtheAxisAllies([ˈælaiz,əˈlaiz]协约国):USAUKChinaAustraliaCanadaNorwayCzechEthiopiaFrance….(allcountriesofTheInternationalAnti-FascismAlly反法西斯联盟）Axis(轴心国)：GermanyItalyJapan….Thecharacter(性质）oftheWar:Itcanbedividedintotwophases-imperialistwar(帝国主义战争)andanti-Fascismwar（反法西斯战争）GermanyItalyJapanAdolfHitlerBenitoMussoliniHirohitoAmericaBritainChinaSovietUnionFranklinRooseveltWinstonChurchillJiangjieshiStalinReasonsofWorldWarTwoPartTwoReasonsDirectreasonsGermanywouldnottaketheirdefeatacceptingtheharshpunishmentandlimitlessoftheTreatyofVersailles.Italyfellintoeconomicdecline.Japanlackedofstrategicgoods(petrol)whichholdbacktheireconomicdevelopment.TheGreatDepressionTheGreatDepressionin1929resultedinseriouspoliticalcrisis.Whatwasworse,inordertoprotectdomesticeconomy,somenationssuchasAmericastartedtoerecttradebarriers,whichhadaimpactonGermanyandJapan.Whilethesecountriescouldn'tgetoverthecrisisbythemselves,thentheybuiltthefascistdictatorshiptodoexternalexpansioncrazilyTheGreatDepressionUnbalanceddevelopmentinthepoliticsandeconomyProcessofWorldWarTwoPartThree1939.9.1TheinvasionofPoland1940.6.10ItalydeclaredwarontheBritainandFrance1941.12.7JapanattackedPearlHarbor1942.1.1Theassignmentof.DeclarationbyUnitedNations(联合国家宣言）1942.7.17ThebattleofStalingrad(斯大林格勒战役）brokeout1944.6.6LandingOperationonNormandy（诺曼底登陆）1945.8.6TheUnitedStatesdroppedatomicbombonHiroshima1945.8.9AtomicbombingofNagasaki1945.8.15JapanclaimsunconditionalsurrenderProcess•InSeptember1939,GermanylaunchedalighteningattackonPoland.•BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermanytwodayslater.•GermanyproceedtoinvadeDenmark,Norway,theNetherlands（荷兰）,Belgium（比利时）andLuxemburg(卢森堡).On1stSeptember1939:GermanyinvadedPoland.GermantroopsmarchingintoWarsaw,thecapitalofPoland.•Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.•Youask,whatisourpolicy?Isayitistowagewarbyland,seaandair.•Youask,whatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword,itisvictory,victoryatallcosts-victoryinspiteofallterrors-victory，howeverlongandhardtheroadmaybe•InMay1940,WinstonChurchillbecamePrimeMinisterofBritain.•OnJune1940,GermanyattackedFrance.•ItalydeclaredwarinsupportofGermany.•AttheendofMay,the“miracleofDunkrik”(敦刻尔克大撤退)happened.Francefellintoenemy'shands.•OnJune1940,AirbattleofBritain(大不列颠空战)occurred.•InJune1941,NazimadeasuddenattackupontheSovietUnion.AirbattleofBritainInPacificArena•JapandeclaredwaronChinain1931.•OnJuly7th,1937,Japanbegananall-outattackonChina.•FinallyonDecember7th,1941,JapanattackedtheUnitedStates’navalbaseatPearlHarbour.•ThenextdaypresidentRooseveltgaveashortaddress.AmericadeclaredwaronJapan.ThePearlHarborIncidentThePearlHarborIncidentwasonDecember7,1941theearlymorning,theJapaneseempirenavy'saircraftcarrierplaneandtheminiaturesubmarinesuddenlyattackstheUnitedStatesNavyPacificfleetinHawaiianbasePearlharboraswellastheUnitedStatesArmyandonnavy'sinOuHuislandairportevent.PacificWarfromthiseruption.ThisattackfinallyUSwillbeinvolvedinSecondWorld.ThiseventisalsocalledsneakattacksPearlharbororsurpriseattackPearlharbor.PearlHarbour•AsAmericaappreciatedisolationism(孤立主义)atthattime,mostofAmericansopposedtoattendthewar.TheeventofPearlHarhourbrokethebalance.•Video~Roosevelt•ThoughAmericadidn’tattendwaratfirst,RoosevelttriedhisbesttogivesupportstoAllies.Turningpoint•IntheEuropeanarena:•In1943,BattleofStalingrad/ˈstɑ:linɡræd/(斯大林格勒保卫战)markedtheturningpointoftheSecondWorldWar.•IntheAfricanarena:•UndertheleaderofMontgomery/mənt‘gʌməri/(蒙哥马利),thesituationofBritishtroopsbecamebetter.•IntheAsianarena:•JapaneseUnitedFleetwasdestroyedbyUSintheMidwayIslandBattle(中途岛战役).Montgomery/mənt‘gʌməri战地雄狮——蒙哥马利•Rommel/rɔməl/沙漠之狐——隆美尔TheNormandyDebarkationTheNormandydebarkationisafterWorldWarIItoexpectahistoricbattle.In1944,beginningofyearsummer,Sovietstroops'winningGermanicArmyintheeastlinehasalreadybecomesettledsituation,alliedtroopsoftheUnitedStates,English,decideintheNormandyregioninFrancetoland,toNaziGermanyofthetroopsstartbackstroke.Counteroffensive(反攻)•1944，thesecondEuropeanfrontwasopened.ThealliedarmiesofBritainandtheUSlandedonthebeachesofNormandy.•OnMay8th,Germanysurrendered.Counteroffensive(反攻)•Japaneserefusedtosurrender.•OnAugust6thand9th,1945,theUSAirForcedroppedtwoatombombsonthec