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动词不定式Grammar动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。动词不定式的时态㈠.主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。进行式(tobedoing)1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。动词不定式的语态㈡.被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时（被动关系）.系动词be的不定式：tobe+n./adj.(作宾补和表语时tobe常可省略)动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、宾、表、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。作主语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。it作形式主语不定式后置作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。it作形式宾语不定式后置afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promiserefuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish•Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.Remember!“七夕”版期希渴求帮助，假装犹豫拒绝。同意安排计划，决心设法完成。（desire）接不定式作宾语的动词顺口溜动词不定作宾语，期希渴欲承担起；愿望碰巧又出现，假装安排不拒绝；准备计划却失败，好像提供又犹豫；企图要把目标证，等待要求作选择。同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。agree(同意)；offer(提出)；intend，plan(打算，计划)；demand，ask(要求)；promise(答应)；help(帮忙)；prepare(准备)；decide(决定)；refuse(拒绝)；dare(敢于)；choose(选择)；wish，hope，want，expect(希望，想要)；fail；（不能；忘记）；pretend(假装)；manage(设法)；determine（决心）。接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词affordtodosth.负担得起做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事asktodosth.要求做某事begtodosth.请求做某事caretodosth.想要做某事choosetodosth.决定做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事demandtodosth.要求做某事determinetodosth.决心做某事expecttodosth.期待做某事feartodosth.害怕做某事helptodosth.帮助做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事learntodosth.学习做某事managetodosth.设法做某事offertodosth.主动提出做某事plantodosth.计划做某事preparetodosth.准备做某事pretendtodosth.假装做某事promisetodosth.答应做某事refusetodosth.拒绝做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aimtodosth.打算做某事failtodosth.未能做某事longtodosth.渴望做某事happentodosth.碰巧做某事hesitatetodosth.犹豫做某事struggle/strivetodosth.努力做某事作表语Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。1)表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情。如：Thestudentsaretomeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。2）表示可能性，必要、责任、义务、禁止等。如：Hernecklacewasnotto(couldn't)befound.她的项链找不到了betodo的用法金典seem+todo/tobedone/tohavedone/tohavebeendone/tobedoing/(tobe)n./adj.remain+doing/done/tobedoneremainsitting/seatedremaintobesolvedremainunsolvedItremainstobesaid/seen/…whether…作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人BettywasthefirsttoknowthetruthItseemsthathehasnopen______.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith注意如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词Eg.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.注意•只能用动词不定式做定语的情况•★当修饰的名词是abilityambitionattemptchance(机会)/opportunitycouragedesiredecisioneffortfailuremomentpromiserighttimewish…（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.Hemadeapromisetocomehereontimetomorrow.•★当修饰的名词前有theonly,thenext,thebest,thefirst,thelast,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.•Youaretheonlypersontobelate.•Themanageristhelasttocometothemeeting.•★当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。•Doyouhaveanythingtosay?•Thereisnothingtoworryabout.•★当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。•Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.•Themattertobediscussedisimportant.不定式与前面所修饰的名词之间一般是动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。注意:•当名词与定语间有动宾关系时。•Iusuallyhavealotofmeetingstoattend.•Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.注意主动表被动•当名词与定语间有主谓关系时。•Wemustfindapersontodothejob.•Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor.•当名词与定语有同位关系时。•Wegottheordertoleavethecity.作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语.原因状语.结果状语目的状语:常用的结构—todo;inordertodo,soastodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.结果状语:常与only,enough,too连用，或so/such…astodo（位于句子后半部分）。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因状语:一般用在句尾I’mgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.作宾补Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.习惯用法1)有很多动词接不定式作宾补如:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等。如:Hedidn’tallowustosmokeinhishouse.他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。还有一类典型的只能用不定式作宾补(或主补)的情况：1).认为think/consider/believesb./sth.tohavedone/tobedone/(tobe)n./adj.…→sb./sth.bethought/considered/believedtohavedone/tobedone/(tobe)n./adj.…2).据说s