动词不定式的被动语态(1)选修7Unit2

一、RevisethePassiveVoice主动语态（theactivevoice）被动语态（thepassivevoice）如：①Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.(主动语态)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;②Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被动语态)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.主被动语态的转换：Tombrokethewindow.如：我的家乡发生了很大的变化。不能说：Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。现在时过去时将来时一般式______given_________given__________进行式__________given_______________given完成式_________given_________given___________时式常见主被动时态变化一览表wasgivengivenamisareambeingisbeingarebeinghasbeenhavebeenwerewasbeingwerebeinghadbeenshallbewillbeshall/willhavebeen1.复习动词不定式的主动被动结构一般式进行式完成式主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedonetohavebeendone1.Thedam_____bytheyear2020,willbenefitthewholecountry.A.beingcompletedB.tocompleteC.completedD.tobecompletedD2.Shetoldmethatherproposalneeded_____intoconsideration.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobetakingD.tohavetakenB2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathyby….ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofAsianGames.Thenewdrugistobetestedoutonthe500overweightpeoplenextyear.3)做宾语Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。Theclerkwouldn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers4)做宾语补足语Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。Thedisabledchildexpectedthecinematobedesignedbythechiefarchitect.5）做定语Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。TheEnglishareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondon.6）做状语AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（bookingoffice）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,Hehasnothingtoeat.分析：eat动→nothing宾/he主→eat谓Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.分析：_____动→________宾/_____主→_____谓这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.★比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)1)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Doyouhaveanyclothes____________(wash),sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在“主语+表语（形容词）todo”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（分析：answer(动)------thisquestion（宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.（分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。dealwithJohnThearmchairiscomfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous3).在“too…todo;enough…to…”结构中。如：这个问题太难了算不出来。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．这房子够大能住下。Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4).Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5).在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：没有事情要做，他就躺在被窝里。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．因为有太多的练习要做，我不能帮你忙。Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tdoafavorforyou.6).一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent，hire,blame等。房子出租。Thehouseistolet．我觉得我应该被责骂。IfeltIwastoblame.7)．有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.Thenewproductsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.8)．感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look，seem，taste，sound，remain等。①—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes，itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.②Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.③Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.9).动词need,require,want,和beworth后加v-ing的主动形式表被动意义。Mywatchdoesn'twork;itneedsrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.need/require/wantdoing=need/require/wanttobedoneMywatchdoesn'twork;itneedsrepairing.=itneedstoberepaired.1.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputerto____________(repair).2.Iknewhim___________________(catch)bythepolice.3.Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes.5.Dickspedonthemotorwayonly____________(fine).6.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it.berepairedtohavebeencaughttobetakentomaketohavestolentobefined练习7.Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages.9.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(welcome)intotheirsociety.10.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate).11.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________.(read)12.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas.13.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking.totranslatetobewelcomedhavebeentranslatedtobeadmittedbereadingtobereceivednottodrive14.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak).15.Ithappened______________(rain)whenIgotthere.16.Iamterriblysorry___________(lose)yourkey.17