ACCAF1重点

F1重点1.Organisation:anorganizationisasocialarrangementwhichpursuescollectivegoals,whichcontrolsitsownperformanceandwhichhasaboundaryseparatingitfromitsenvironment.1.Whydoorganizationexist?(1)organizationovercomepeople'sindividuallimitations.(2)organizationenablepeopletospecialistinwhattheydobest.(3)organizationsavetime.(4)organizationaccumulateandshareknowledge(5)organizationenablesynergy.2.Limitedcompany:Limitedcompanyisacorporationwithshareholderswhoseliabilityislimitedbyshare,personalassetsaredistinctfromcompanyfinance.3.Typesoflimitedcompanyprivatelimitedcompany(e.g.Xlimited)Publiclimitedcompany(e.g.Yplc)NumberofshareholderSmallnumberofshareholdersWiderproportionoftheinvestingpublicTransferabilityofDifficult/TransferEasy/TradedonastockshareswiththeconsentoftheshareholdersexchangeDirectorsasshareholdersDirectorsholdcompany’ssharesSourceofcapital~Thefounderorpromoter~Businessassociates~Venturecapitalists~Thefounderorpromoter~Businessassociates~Venturecapitalists~public4.NGO:NGOisanindependentvoluntaryassociationofpeopleactingtogetherforsomecommonpurpose(otherthanachievinggovernmentofficerormakingmoney)5.Organisationalstructure:ComponentsoftheorganisationStrategicapex||Technologystructure——Middleline——supportstaff||OperatingcorefunctionaldepartmentationGeographicdepartmentationProduct/branddepartmentationMatrixandprojectorganizationCustomerdepartmentation7.Theshamrockorganisation(CharlesHandy)Professionalconsistofprofessional,technicians,managerspartnershipwithfirmSelfemployedhiredoncontractpaidinfeesforresultsContingenttemporaryandpart-timeworkerspaidbythehourordayorweekConsumersdotheworkoftheorganisatione.g.IKEA8.Spanofcontrol：thespanofcontrolreferstothenumberofsubordinatesimmediatelyreportingtoasuperiorofficial.9.TheAnthonyhierarchy:Strategic(seniormanagement),Tactical(middlemanagement),Operational(supervisor/operative)10.Marketing:Themarketingfunctionmanagesanorganisation’srelationshipwithitscustomers.11.Whatistherelationshipbetweenmarketingandstrategicmanagement?Corporatestrategicplansaimtoguidetheoveralldevelopmentofanorganisation.Marketingplanningissubordinatetocorporateplanningbutmakesasignificantcontributiontoitandisconcernedwithmanyofthesameissues.Themarketingdepartmentisthemostimportantsourceofinformationforthedevelopmentofcorporatestrategy.Specificmarketingstrategieswillbedeterminedwithintheoverallcorporatestrategy.12.Financefunction:OneofthemostimportantexpertrolesintheorganisationRole:RaisingmoneyfromdifferentchannelsRecordingandcontrollingwhathappenstomoneyProvidinginformationtomanagerstohelpthemmakedecisionsReportingtoshareholders13.Sourcesoffinance:ThecapitalmarketsMoneymarketsRetainedearningsGovernmentsourcesBankborrowingsVenturecapitalTheinternationalmoneyandcapitalmarkets14.TypesofcommitteeExecutivecommitteeswiththepowertogovernoradministerStandingcommitteesoraparticularpurposeonapermanentbasistodealwithroutinebusinessAdhoccommitteestocompleteaparticulartaskSub-committeesappointedbycommitteestorelievetheparentcommitteeofroutineworkJointcommitteesbeformedtoco-ordinatetheactivitiesoftwoormorecommitteesManagementcommittees15.ThequalitiesofgoodinformationAccurateCompleteCost-beneficialUser-targetedRelevantAuthoritativeTimelyEasytouse16.CultureandstructurePowerculture(Zeus):isshapedbyoneindividual(leaderfocused)characteristics:TheorganisationiscapableofadaptingquicklytomeetchangePersonalinfluencedecreaseasthesizeofanorganisationgetsbigger.Personalhavetogetonwellwitheachotherforthisculturetowork.Roleculture(Apollo):isabureaucraticcultureshapedbyrationality,rulesandproceduresCharacteristics:Theseorganisationhaveaformalstructure,andoperatebywell-establishedrulesandprocedures.Individualsarerequiredtoperformtheirjobtothefullandtendtolearnanexpertisewithoutexperiencingrisk.Thebureaucraticstylecanbeveryefficientinastableenvironment,whentheorganisationislarge.Taskculture(Athena):isshapedbyafocusonoutputsandresults(project-focused)Characteristics:ThetaskcultureisreflectedinprojectteamsandtaskforcesPerformanceisjudgedbyresultsTaskculturesareexpensive,asexpertsdemandamarketpriceTaskculturesalsodependonvariety.Personculture(Dionysus):isshapedbytheinterestsofindividualsCharacteristics:Inthethreeothercultures,theindividualissubordinatetotheorganisationortask.Butinthisculture,thepurposeistoservetheinterestsoftheindividualswithinit.17.TheimpactofinformalorganisationonthebusinessEmployeecommitmentKnowledgesharingSpeedResponsivenessCo-operation18.StakeholdersofbusinessorganisationInternalstakeholders(Managers/employees)InternalstakeholderIntereststodefend（权益）ResponseriskManagersandemployeesjobs/careersmoneypursuitof'systemsgoals'ratherthanshareholderinterestsPromotion(提升）benefitssatisfactionIndustrialaction(工业游行)NegativepowertoimpedeimplementationRefusaltorelocateresignationConnectedstakeholders(Shareholders/Bankers/Suppliers/CustomersConnectedstakeholderIntereststodefendresponseriskShareholders(corporatestrategy)Increaseinshareholder