英语语音常见问题及对策

英语语音常见问题及对策语音的重要性1.第一印象2.对教师本身素养要求，对学生的影响影响语音的因素1.母语，拼音，方言e.g./t//m/team/∫//ɔ:/short陕西方言2.不了解读音规则，从开始养成了错误的发音习惯。onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten常见错误及对策A.常见发音错误1.不清楚发音方式，想当然发音e.g./i://m/记清发音方式，才可能正确发音2.有针对性的训练易受受母语、拼音或方言等影响而误发的音e.g.陕西话影响爆破音个别音直接改变音质或无法发出/t//t∫ə//r/road,rose/ʒ/usually3.一些组合音难点e.g.双元音加鼻音/aun/downroundcrown/ɔin/coin/ain/nine/ein/painstrange4.近似音区分e.g.[n][η]kin/kingson/sung[e][æ]pen/panletter/latter[w][u][ʌ][a:]cut/cart[i][j][i][e][æ][ai][εə][aiə][hεə][haiə]其他常见错误词重音辅音群节奏省音连读弱读语调词重音wordstresstheextrastrengthwegivetoacertainpartofaword试读下列词汇双音节词：increasecomfort反身代词：herself多音节词：furnitureinterferemanufactureimmediately大多数多音节单词的重音在倒数第三个音节上。如果单词有次重音，一般在倒数第五个音节上。e'conomy,oppor’tunity添加后缀：interfere—interferenceaccident—accidental添加前缀：appear—disappear复合词：flashlight有些合成词、译名或者带有前缀的单词有时还有双重音'out'side'Ber'lin'white-'haired'ex-'wife专有名词：UnitedStates节日：mother’sday短语：pointoutturnaroundgetoutofwashingmachinedancinggirlsswimmingfishreadingglasses辅音群consonantclusterstheclusteroftwoormoreconsonantsinonesyllable(withoutanyvowelsbetween/amongthem)flu[flu:]street[stri:t]sixths[siksθs]Problemanalysisa.e.g.bluescreenb.[pl]people['pi:pl]apple['æpl][bl]pebble['pebl]able['eibl][tl]little['litl]rattle['rætl][dl]middle['midl]fiddle['fidl][kl]pickle['pikl]ancle['ʌŋkl][gl]single['siŋgl]giggle['gigl][nl]channel['tʃænl]final['fainl][ml]animal['æniml]formal['fɔ:ml]2020/2/10c.[tn]button['bʌtn]certain['sətn][dn]sudden['sʌdn]garden['ga:dn][sn]listen['lisn]loosen['lusn][zn]dozen['dʌzn]cousin['kʌzn]d.[tθ]eighth[eitθ][dθ]width[widθ]e.[zndθ]thousandth['θauzndθ]f.[tw]tweed[twi:d]twenty[‘twenti][dw]dwell[dwel]dwarf[dwɔ:f][kw]quality['kwɔliti]quick[kwik]节奏rhythm节奏群rhythmunitRhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress.It’sthepatternorflowofsoundcreatedbythearrangementofstressedandunstressedsyllables.中英节奏对比面包和牛奶breadandmilkJaneandhermotherComeandgetit.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway./ʌAn/‘applea/‘daykeepsthe/‘doctora’/way.A./Pendlebury!/ʌ/Pendlebury!/ʌ/ʌ/ʌ/PENDLEBURY!!!B./ʌ/Pendlebury/isn’tinthe/officeona/Saturday,and—/ʌ/Pendlebury/isn’tinthe/officeonaMondayanda/Tuesdayanda/Wednesdayanda/Thursdayanda/Friday,andso/Pendlebury’s—A./Fired?B./Definitely.省音elisionthedisappearanceofcertainphonemesinspokenEnglishE.g.goawaytemperaturemostlyHehelpedme.Contraction缩略语I’m[aim]his[hiz]John’s[dʒɔnz]Jack’s[dʒæks]she’s[ʃiz]isn’t[‘iznt]you’re[ju(r)]they’re[ðεə(r)]we’re[wiə]aren’t[a:nt]haven’t[‘hævnt]it’d[itəd]hadn’t[‘hædnt]wouldn’t[‘wudnt]should’ve[‘ʃudəv]could’ve,must’ve,would’veIt’ll[‘itl]Won’t[wəunt]I’ve[aiv]You’ve[juv]连读link-upjoiningwordstogethera.e.g.postofficeb.e.g.theideaofthesofaovertherec.e.g.nexttopicd.e.g.Justdoit.Heatesomeeggs.e.e.g.thereis/are…1.After[i:],[i]anddiphthongs[ei],[ai],and[ɔi],wecanaddaverygentle[j]asthelink.e.g.myunclesheis2.After[u:],[u]anddiphthongs[əu]and[au],wecanaddagentle[w]asthelink.e.g.howoldhowoften弱读weakform怎样弱读？a.tochangethevowelsintotheweakform—/i//ə/b.tomakethelongvowelsshortere.g.[hi:][hi]c.omitthevowele.g.have[əv][v]Whendoweusetheweakform?Determiners,auxiliaryverbs,be,preps,pronouns,etca:apencilan:ananswersome:somemorethem:Tellthemwhattodo.us:Letusgo.of:abottleofwaterto:gotothecinemafor:forsomesunshinefrom:fromthem,fromschoolat:lookatthem,atcollegeand:I’dlikeaWhisky,andaWhiskyandwater.but:I’dliketo.ButIcan’t.than:RoseisprettierthanJennyandricherthanJenny.WhydoIlikeRosemorethanJenny?that:Weknowthatwefacedifficulties.as:ascunningasafoxam:WhyamIleaving?WhereamIgoing?are:Thesearethebest.was:Hewaskind.has:Mywatchhasstopped.[həz][əz][z]have:Theyhavebeenmovedaway.had:Allourmoneyhadgone.[əd][d]does:Wheredoeshelive?[əz][z]shall:Whenshallwemeet?[ʃəl][ʃl]can:Shecanwritepoems.[kən][kn]must:Youmustconfess.[məst,məs][mst,ms]语调intonationIntonationreferstothetotalpatternofpitchchangesIntonationcanconveymeaning.rising,falling,falling-risingAnintonationunitusuallycorrespondstoasensegroup.Nucleusreferstothesyllableinanintonationunitwhichcarriesmaximalprominence.IamWRItingaLETtertohim.PHNT演讲注意事项演讲稿a.开门见山，要点清晰，逻辑性强，说理充分，材料新颖b.用词准确，勿用过于生僻的词汇c.可以添加标志性语句2020/2/102.演讲中a.发音、语调标准b.感情充沛c.流利，但语速切忌过快，突出要点d.语调不能过于单调，抓住听众注意力e.体态大方，身体语言适量、适当f.眼神接触自然、亲和2020/2/10