补充3

AppreciationItisapleasuretostandupontheshoreandtoseeshipstosseduponthesea;apleasuretostandinthewindowofacastleandtoseeabattleandtheadventuresthereofbelow;butnopleasureiscomparabletothestandinguponthevantage-groundoftruth(ahillnottobecommanded,andwheretheairisalwaysdearandserene)andtoseetheerrorsandwanderingsandmistsandtempestsinthevalebelow.(FrancisBacon:OfTruth)登高岸而濒水伫观舟楫颠簸于海上，不亦快哉；踞城堡而倚窗凭眺两军酣战于脚下，不亦快哉；然断无任何快事堪比真理之绝顶（一巍然高耸且风清气朗得峰顶），一览深谷得谬误与彷徨，迷雾与风暴。《论真理》曹明伦译Theboywentout.Theyhadeatenwithnolightonthetableandtheoldmantookoffhistrousersandwenttobedinthedark.Herolledhistrousersuptomakeitapillow,puttingthenewspapersinsidethem.Herolledhimselfintheblanketandsleptontheotheroldnewspapersthatcoveredthespringsofthebed.HewasasleepinashorttimeandhedreamedofAfricawhenhewasaboyandthelonggoldenbeachesandthewhitebeaches,sowhitethattheyhurtyoureyes,andthehighcapesandthegreatbrownmountains.Helivedalongthatcoastnoweverynightandinhisdreamsheardthesurfroarandsawthenativeboatscomeridingthroughit.HesmelledthetarandoakumofthedeckashesleptandhesmelledthesmellofAfricathatthelandbreezebroughtatmorning.孩子去了。他俩在吃饭的时候，桌上连个灯都没有。孩子走走开以后，老头儿脱掉裤子，摸黑上了床。他把裤子卷成枕头，把那些报纸塞在里面，然后用军用的毯子裹住身子，睡在破床弹簧上面的旧报纸上。他不久就睡去，梦见了他儿童时代所看到了欧洲，迤长的金黄色的海滩和白色刺眼的海滩，高耸的海岬和褐色的大山。现在，他每晚住在海边，在梦中听到了海潮的怒号，看到了本地的小船在海潮里穿梭来去。睡着的时候，他闻到了甲板上柏油和填絮的味道，闻到了地面上的风在早晨送来的非洲的气息。师说韩愈古之学者必有师，师者所以传道，授业，解惑也。人生非生而知之也，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，故先乎吾，吾从而师之；生于吾后，其闻道也，亦先于吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。OnTeachersbyHanYuAncientscholarscertainlyhadteachers.Ateacherisonewhopassesonthetruth,impartsknowledgeandsolvespuzzles.Manisnotbornwithknowledge.Whocandenythathehaspuzzles?Thesewouldremainunsolved,shouldonerefusetobeinstructedbyteachers.Themanbornbeforemesurelyknowthetruthbeforeme,soIrespectthemasteachers,whereasthosebornaftermemayalsoknowthetruthbeforeme,Ilikewiserespectthemasteachers.ItisthetruththatIendeavortolearn.MustIknowbeforehandwhethermyteacherwasbornearlierorlaterthanI?Therefore,nodistinctionshouldbemadebetweenthenobleandthehumbleorbetweentheyoungandtheold.Whereliesthetruth,thereisateacher.Translatedby谢百魁怎样避免汉语式英语PleasetranslatetheletterfromastudentintoEnglish.你情况如何？工作忙吗？请及早给我回信。这儿的生活很紧张。老师给了我们太多的作业。我们没有办法。Readthefollowingtranslationandgivesomesuggestions.Howareyourconditions?Isyourworkbusy?Pleasereplymeearly.Lifehereisverynervous.Theteachersgiveustoomanyexercises.Wehavenomethod.评析：以上这些句子全是汉语式英语。学生根据汉语的语法结构，用英文去代替中文字。其实，中国和英语国家人民的文化传统不同，语言的表达方式也不相同。我们在学习中切忌用生搬硬套的学习方法。汉语与英语中不存在在词语上一一对应关系，不能用词对词（wordforwordtranslation）的方法去理解和翻译。ReferencetranslationHowareyougettingonrecently?Areyoubusywithyourwork?Pleasewritetomesoon.We’vebeenhardpressedfortime.Theteachersarealwaysassigningusmuchhomework.Wehavenowayout.怎么才能译出地道的英语句子呢？应从上下文及词本身的用法上来考虑。比如，就“送某人（到）某地”来说，就有以下多种情况，我们不能只用一个sendto来翻译。例如：我们送他去机场。Wedrovehimtotheairport.或Weaccompaniedhimtotheairport.（句中的“送”含有“陪伴”、“相随”之意）我送儿子去上学。Itakemysontoschool.（这里的“送”是“带领、携带”之意）抗战时，他儿子被送至前线。HissonwassenttothefrontduringtheAntiJapaneseWar.（“送”意味着“派遣”。）我爸爸在我二十岁生日时送我一张画。Myfathergavemeapaintingonmytwentiethbirthday.（“送”为“赠送”之意。）我们去车站送他。Wewenttothestationtoseehimoff.（这儿，“送”的意思是“送行”。）护士送病人回病房。Thenursehelpedthepatientbacktothesickroom.句中的“送”有“护送”和“搀扶”之意。还有一个引起中式英语的原因是对英语中词的用法不清楚。就象汉语中有贬义词、褒义词一样，英语的单词也有其独特的表现内容。Eg.1她的英语好得使我吃惊。HerEnglishwassogoodthatIwasshocked.Shock意味着不太使人愉快的惊奇，是失望的意思，所以不能与good连用。Eg.2艾滋病现在更多了。Aidsisbecomingamorepopularillnessthesedays.句中popular这词用错了。Popular用于人们喜爱或钦慕的东西或人物，不用于疾病。所以应把popular改为common.TheEnd