汽车发展史 (英文)PPT

VehiclehistoryTechnicalBackgroundThefirstcar&ThefatherofcarTheriseofFordRepresentativeofJapanesecars--TOYOTACurrentSituationTechnicalBackground----thecarriageBeforetheaotomobilecomeout,thecarriageisthebestland-basedhumantransport.TechnicalBackground----industrialrevolutionAfterWattimprovedthesteamengine,FrenchArmyEngineerCugnotproducedthefirststeamenginedrivingacar.Carl.Mercedes-Benz,nowGermany'sfamouscarcompanythatisthefirstgenerationoffathers.October1885,Mercedes-Benzdesignandmanufactureofagasolineloadingthreecars.January29,1886,Mercedes-Benzwaspatentedthisdayisrecognizedasthebirthdayofthecar.In1883,Daimlerinventedtheworld'sfirstsuccessfulinternalcombustionengineswithhighcompressionratiowhichistheoriginatorofthemodernautomobileengine.In1885,hesingle-cylinderenginefittedtothebike,madeoftheworld'sfirstmotorcycle.AssistanceintheMaybach,inacarriageinstalledontheengineoftheirown,thisistheworld'sfirstfour-wheelpetrolcar.1926Mercedes-BenzmergedwithhisestablishmentwhichiscalledDaimler-Benz.TheriseofFordAfterthe20thcentury,carsnolongerjusttheEuropeansdominated,especiallyHenry.Ford.1908FordTcarcomeout,Fordbuiltwaterproductionline,startingabrandnewcarproduction.TheriseofFord1913FordMotorCompanyintroducedthemovingassemblylineforthefirsttime.Inthismodeofproduction,thecostoftheautomobilecrash.socarpricesbecamelow,andgraduallybecomeapopularcommodity.Fordcarhasthusbecomeaveritablekingdom.1928FordAreplacedtheTModelandbecameglobalpopularcar.RepresentativeofJapanesecars----TOYOTAThefounderofToyotapurchasedtheengionofFord,heresearchitanddesigntoproducehisownproducts.so,ToyotagointheforefrontofautomobilemanufacturersinJapan,andthenafteryearsofdevelopmenttobecometheworld'sleadingautomobilemanufacturers.SuccessfactorsFocusonautomobilemanufacturing,thepursuitofexcellenceinproduction.20thcentury,70's,theU.S.oilcrisishit.CurrentSituationUSAGeneralMotosFordEuropeVolkswagenDaimlerJapanTOYOTADevelopmentinchina1901,CarsfirstappearedinShanghai，importedfromHongKongbyLeinz,aHungarianbusinessman.1902，ThefirstcarownerwasEmpressDowagerCixioftheQingDynastyDevelopmentinchina1928，ZhangXueliangisthefirstmenwhoorganizedtomakeautomobileDevelopmentinchinaStart-upstage1953,ThefirstmodernautomobilefactoryFirstAutomobileWorksbeganproduction.1956,theCA-104-tonJiefangcommercialtruckwasproducedbytheFirstAutomobileWorksDevelopmentinchinaexploreandGrowthstage1958:Thefirst2½tonlightdutytruck1958:NanjingAutomobileWorks,previouslyavehicleservicingunitoftheArmy,wasestablishedDevelopmentinchinaexploreandGrowthstagelate1950sto1960s:SeveralautomobilefactoriesweresetupinNanjingShanghaiJinanandBeijing1967:TheSecondAutomobileWorks(laterDongfengMotorCorporation)wasfounded.DevelopmentinchinaRapidandcomprehensivedevelopmentstageDomesticpassengercarproductioncouldnotmeetdemand.China’sanswertotheimportbingewastosignaseriesofjoint-venturepassengercarproductionagreements.Severalenterprisesenteredtheautomobileindustrysince1994.ChinazoomedpastJapantobecometheworld'sNo.2vehiclemarketin2006andpassedtheUnitedStatestobethebiggestin2009.DevelopmentinchinaComparedwiththeworldautomobileindustrylagintechologylowresearchanddevelopmentDevelopmentinchinaComparedwiththeworldautomobileindustryTheCheryQQ(left)andDaewooMatiz(right).TheQQbecamethecenterofanindustrialcopyrightandintellectualrightscontroversy,asGeneralMotorsclaimedthecarwasacopytotheDaewooMatiz.DevelopmentinchinaComparedwiththeworldautomobileindustryTheShuanghuanNoble(left)andSmartForTwo(right).TheShuanghuanNoblehascausednumerouscontroversies,withMercedes-Benzevolutionofcarbodysixstage1.carttype2.boxtype3.beetletype4.shiptype5.fishtype6.wedgetypecarttypeIn1885,Benzinventeda0.8horsepowerenginerespectivelyandproducedthefirstcarsuccessfully.Butthecarbodyisstillacart.boxtypeIn1915,Fordmotorcompanydesignedandproducedanewkindofcarbody,boxcars,whichlookslikeabigboxandequippedwiththedoorsandwindowsDrboershefoundasmallanimalsnamedbeetlewhichnotonlycanclimbonthegroundbutalsocanflyintheair.It'sairresistanceisverysmall.Drboersheusedthebeetle'sappearancetocarmodelling.Nowtheairresistancebegantobeconsidered.beetletypeshiptypeIn1949,Fordmotorcompanydesigedanewtypewhichlookslikeaboat.It'ssuccessisnotonlyinappearancedesignbutalsoinapplythetheoryofhumanbodyengineeringtothecar'sintegralThistypesolvedtheproblemsofhorizontalwindunstablefishtypeThecarisfasterandtheaireddycurrentbecomestronger.Sothefishtypeappeared.fishtypeThistypehavealongertailtodecreasetheairendycurrent.Itretainstheadvantageofshiptype*whenitrunningatahighspeed,theliftisstrongwedgetypePeoplefindanewtipewhichnamedwedgetypetoovercomethestronglift.ThewholebodytiltforwardlowerpartandtherearisasflatasaknifetocutwithThespeedisthefirstelementtobeconsideredTopofautomobileThefirstpatentKarlBenz,German,Mercedes-Benz.Benz-Model1,thefirstpatent,in1886thefirstpatent,thefirstautomobileThefirstdriverBertaLingle(KarlBenz’swife),abeautifulandbravewomen.WhenTheBenz-Model1hadbeeninvented,KarlBenzdidnotwanttodriveit.becauseitdroppedanchorfrequently