Unit1Transitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs(及物动词和不及物动词)英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。(一)及物动词(vt.):及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。1.“主+谓+宾”结构。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。如:WelikeEnglish.Iloveyou/allmyfriends.Ithinkthatitisright.Heaskedwhenwewouldstart.△Hepretendedtolikeus.△常见的接不定式的动词有:decide,determine,hesitate,hope,manage,plan,prepare,promise,refuse,want,arrange,offer,choose…eg:Theyenjoyplayingbasketball.△常见的接动名词的动词有:enjoy,escape,finish,mind,imagine,practise,avoid,delay,suggest,risk,keep,resist,admit,appreciate,deny,…△常见的既接不定式又接动名词的动词有:remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,consider,can’thelp,continue,goon,begin,like,….2.“主+谓+双宾”结构。如:Ihandmethebookoverthere.Pleasepassmethebook.△常见的接双宾的动词有:bring,give,hand,pass,show,tell,buy,teach…3.“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。作宾补的词有:形容词、副词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。如:Wemustkeepitasecret.TheyelectedLiPingtheirmonitor.Iheardsomethinginteresting.Pleasekeepthecatout.eg:MissWhitetoldmenottowriteonthewall.Headvisedmetostayathome.△常见的带to不定式作宾补的动词有:ask,tell,want,order,allow,advise,expect,persuade,invite,like,get,force等。eg:Inoticedamanpassbytheoffice.△常见的不带to不定式作宾补的动词有:感官动词(see,lookat,observe,watch,notice,hear,listento,feel等)使役动词(make,let,have等)。(“五看”“三使”“两听”“一感觉”)注意:若感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的动词要带to.Imadehimwashthecarforfree.(变被动句)Hewasmadetowashthecarforfree.△:不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程;现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行。过去分词作宾补表示被动和动作已完成。eg:Isawhimcleantheclassroom.(我看见他扫教室了。)Isawhimcleaningtheclassroom.(我看见他正在扫教室。)Hefoundtheroomcleaned.(我发现教室被打扫了。)△常接现在分词和过去分词作宾补的动词有:have,let,make,get,keep,catch,find,see,watch,notice,hear等。(二)不及物动词(vi.):不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。如:look(看)不能直接加宾语eg:Look!Sheissinging.Lookcarefully!Lookatmecarefully!不及物动词后面不跟宾语,只能用“主+谓”结构。ThisistheroomwhereIoncelived.类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed...既作及物又作不及物的动词,其意义不变。eg:Everybody,ourgamebegins.(vi.开始)Letusbeginourgame.(vt.开始)类似的还有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve...既作及物又作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。eg:wesawthemountainwhenthecloudslifted.Heliftedhisglassanddrank.类似的还有:beatvi.跳动vt.敲、打;growvi.生长vt.种植;hangvi.悬挂vt.绞死;playvi.玩耍vt.打(牌/球),演奏smellvi.发出(气味)vt.嗅;speakvi.讲话vt.说(语言)operatevi.动手术vt.操作;ringvi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话;(vi.烟雾的“消散”)(vt.升高;举起)易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词:dealwithaproblem处理问题dependonsb.依靠(依赖)某人insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事knockon[at]thedoor敲门operateonsb.为某人做手术participateinsth.参加某事refertosth.查阅(参考)某物relyonsb./sth.依靠(依赖)某人(某物)replytoaletter回信注:在某些其他用法中,以上有的动词也可能及物,如insist,reply等动词后可接宾语从句,operate表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物。1.Ifyouwanttosellyourproductyoumust_____it.A.advertiseB.advertiseforC.advertiseonD.advertiseto【陷阱】容易误选B,advertisesth为……登广告,登广告宣传。advertiseforsth(sb)登广告征求或寻找某物或某人。实例分析2.Nomatterhowmuchyou’velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_______thepeopleheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon【陷阱】容易误选B,即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”,将其中的“为”译为for。请看以下类似例子:(1)I_____youyesterday,butyouweren’tin.A.rangB.rangtoC.rangwithD.rangto注:ring可以用作及物动词,表示“给某人打电话”,故其后不用介词。(2)Neitherofherparentswantedherto_____hercousin.A.marryB.marrytoC.marrywithD.marryfor注:marry可用作及物或不及物动词,用作及物动词时它的意思“与某人结婚”,而不仅仅是“结婚”,也就是说,后接宾语时,无需用介词to,with等。(3)HowcanI_____you,Mr.Green?A.contactB.contactwithC.contacttoD.contactfor注:contact为及物动词,表示“与……联系”,其后不接介词。真题点击1.Thepupil___hisrighthand,obviouslyhopingto_____toanswertheteacher’squestion.A.rose;riseB.raised;riseC.rose;raiseD.raised;raise解析:raise是及物动词,意思是“举起,提高”,还可以表示“喂养家畜、家禽、照料农作物的生长、养家”等raisethefamilyrise是不及物动词,意为“上升、提高、升起”还可以表示“起立、起床等”。2.Hiswordsonmyimproperbehaviorarestrongly____atmymemory.A.impressedB.establishedC.fixedD.stricken解析:beimpressedby/at/with表示“对……印象深刻”的意思。3.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added注:所填的词与其后的宾语从句构成状语,表示伴随。add是及物动词(有自己的宾语从句),此处adding表示主动意义,所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。4.—Ow!I’veburntmyself!—Howdidyoudothat?—I____________ahotpot.A.touchedB.keptC.feltD.held注:touch表示“触;摸;碰”,为及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语,故选A;feel表示“触;摸”,为不及物动词,后面不接宾语,故C不对。DopartsC1andC2onPage100oftheworkbook.HomeworkHomework