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it的用法西安市第八十五中学英语组王宏波【高考走向】It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。14.Thedoctorthought______wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.（2010全国卷II）A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it答案：D解析：考查It的用法。It的两个重要用法是作形式主语和形式宾语。本题考查形式宾语，it在这里代指后面的真正宾语tohaveaholiday。（2010陕西卷短文改错）Mysistersawalovelycupwhenweareshoppingtheotherday.Shelikeditatonce.Thenshebentdownandpickeduptolookatapriceonit....解析：pickup中间应加上it，指代上文提到的alovelycup.it的基本用法一、代词it（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。Thatvaseisvaluable.It’smorethan200yearsold.那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。（2）用以代替提示代词this,that。—What’sthis?—It’saknife.—Whosewatchisthat?—It’smine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.（4）表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离、环境等意义的句子中。Itishalfpastthreenow.现在是三点半钟。Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.这里离最近的医院也有六英里。Itwasverycold;itsnowedandgrewdark.天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。Itwasverynoisy(quiet)attheverymoment.（5）it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：It’sawful—I’vegotsomuchworkIdon’tknowwheretostart.糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。Howisitgoingwithyou?Takeiteasy.it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。—Doyoustillhavethebicycle?—No,Ihavesoldit.—Isthisknifeyours?—No.ItisXiaoZhang’s.Mineistheoneonthedesk.it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。TheclimateofSouthChinaismild（温和的）;Ilikeitverymuch.（it指theclimateofSouthChina）TheclimateofSouthChinaismuchbetterthanthatofJapan.（that指theclimate）二、引导词itit充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。（1）用作形式主语Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.翻译这篇文章很难。Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantogetaliving.懒汉谋生是日益困难了。Whattimewoulditbemostconvenientformetocallagain?什么时候我再给你打电话最合适？Itisnousegoingtheresoearly.这么早去那里没有用。Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtovisitme.你的来访是我很大的荣幸。Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeatall.真奇怪，他竟还没来。Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.什么都没关系。（2）用作形式宾语Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他们对他的死保密。Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。(3)强调句型引导词it.a.强调句句型1)陈述句的强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.2)一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?3)特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?4)强调句例句：针对ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.强调宾语：ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.强调地点状语：ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.强调时间状语：ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.5)注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that,who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用Itwas…，其余的时态用Itis…。b.not…until…句型的强调句1)句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.2)注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till,until可通用；因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。c.谓语动词的强调1)Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。Dositdown.务必请坐。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写了信。Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2)注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。it的句型1.Itis+（心理品质方面的）adj.＋of+sb.+todo.=主语+be+形容词＋todo.修饰人，of后引出的名词或代词不但是后面不定式的逻辑主语，而且也是前面adj.的逻辑主语。所以，这种句子中的adj.一般都是表示人的特性的adj.(常用的形容词有kind,stupid;foolish,good,wise,selfish,unfair,silly,polite等。)Itiskindofyoutohelpme.＝Youarekindtohelpme.Itwassillyofyoutobelievehim.Itwasstupidofhertomakesuchamistake.2.Itis+adj.(possible,impossible,necessary等)＋for+sb.+todo.修饰物，for后引出的名词或代词只是后面不定式的逻辑主语，而不是前面adj.的逻辑主语。ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.Itisimpossibleforhimtowalk30mileswithinanhour.Itiseasyforyoutolistentotheteacherattentively.3.Itis/was＋被强调的部分＋that(who)+剩余的部分.如：Itwasn'tuntilhecamebackthatIwenttobed.直到他回来我才睡觉。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschooltoday.只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。ItisIwhoamastudent.我确实是个学生。（句中am不能用are来代替。）4.容易与强调句混淆的固定句型中1.)Itisthefirsttime(that)主语+havedone...2.)Itwasthefirsttime(that)主语+haddone...3.)Itis(high)time+(that)主语＋shoulddo/did...4.)Itis+段时间＋since+主语＋did.Itwas+段时间＋since+主语＋haddone.5.)Itis/was＋表示地点的名词＋where+从句（本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句。）6.)Itis/was+表示时间的名词＋when+从句。（本句不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句。）7.)It+谓语＋段时间＋before+主语＋谓语.（before引导的是时间状语从句。）8.)It's+地点状语+that...9.)It's+时间状语+that...Itisthefirsttime(that)Ihavebeenhere.(定从）Itwasthefirsttime(that)Ihadvisitedtheplace.(定从）Itis(high)time(that)hewenttoschool.(虚拟定语从句）ItisalongtimesinceImetyoulast.(时间状从）It'llbeanotheryearbeforehecomeshere.(时间状语从句）Itwasalready8o'clockwhenhecameback.(时间状语从句）ItisthetownwhereIwasborn.(定从）ItwasinthetownthatIcametoknowhim.(强调结构）Itwas3yearsagothathejoinedthearmy.(强调结构）Itwillbethreehoursbeforehecomesback.（之后...才...)Itwasn'tlongbeforethepeopleinthatcountryroseup.没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了。5.由it构成的常用词组Itappears...that在...看来似乎Itcanbesaidthat可以说Itcanbeseenthat可见，可以说Ithappenedthat碰巧，偶然Ithasbeenprovedthat已经证明Itisafactthat事实上Itisapitythat可惜，遗憾Itisawonderthat奇怪的是Itisnousethat是无用的Itisobviousthat显然，很明显Itisexpectedthat人们希望，预期Itislikelythat很可能，大概Itseems/looksasif仿佛像