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学校代码10406分类号V221.3级＝且-t-τ仁3王120082501002新型倾转旋翼无人飞行器设计分析作者且主监指导教师学科、专业申请学位级别申请学位日期授予学位单位王云教授飞行器设计硕士2015年4月南昌航空大学分类号：V221.3学校代码：10406学号：120082501002南昌航空大学硕士学位论文（学位研究生）新型倾转旋翼无人飞行器设计分析硕士研究生：周建波导师：王云教授申请学位级别：硕士学科、专业：飞行器设计所在单位：飞行器工程学院答辩日期：2015年6月授予学位单位：南昌航空大学DesignandAnalysisofNewQuadTiltrotorUnmannedAerialVehicleADissertationSubmittedfortheDegreeofMasterOnAircraftDesignbyZhouJianboUndertheSupervisionofProf.WangYunSchoolofAircraftEngineeringNanchangHangkongUniversity,Nanchang,ChinaJune,2015摘要新型倾转旋翼无人飞行器是一种能够垂直起降、悬停和快速巡航的飞行器，适用于航空物探、空中运输和航拍等相关通用航空领域。该飞行器是在传统的倾转旋翼飞行器的基础上，在机身的头部和尾部各安装一个旋翼，这两个旋翼可以使得飞行器在直升机模式和固定翼飞行模式的转换过程中更加安全高效。新型倾转四旋翼无人飞行器的主要原理是，当机身两侧的旋翼处于水平位置的时候，旋翼旋转产生升力，飞行器可以像直升机一样垂直起飞、降落或悬停：在起飞之后，机身头部和尾部的旋翼开始旋转，使得飞行器有了一个向前的速度，当飞行器向前的速度达到一定值时，机翼产生的升力等于飞行器自身的重力，此时，机翼两侧的旋翼暂时停止旋转，等到机翼两侧的旋翼倾转机构使旋翼向前倾转90度至竖直位置之后，再使机翼两侧的旋翼旋转，此时，四个旋翼旋转均能够产生向前的推力，飞行器可以像固定翼螺旋桨飞机一样依靠机翼产生升力飞行，并且可以通过控制各个旋翼的转速和副翼来控制飞行器的俯仰、偏航和滚转运动，省去了传统倾转旋翼飞行器所需要的水平尾翼和垂直尾翼，减轻了结构重量，增大了有效载荷，提高了飞行器的操纵性和隐身性。本文在新型倾转四旋翼无人飞行器总体方案的基础上，确定了总体参数，并对飞行器的主要部件，如机翼、机身和旋翼倾转机构进行详细设计，然后应用CATIA软件建立飞行器三维计算模型，并将其外形数据导入Gambit软件，划分网格，最终利用Fluent软件计算了不同转速下旋翼产生的升力和不同飞行状态下的升力系数，阻力系数和俯仰力矩系数。根据数值仿真结果，分析了飞行器的气动性能，为今后倾转旋翼飞行器的结构优化提供了一定的参考。关键词：倾转旋翼，总体设计，气动性能，数值仿真IIAbstractThenewQuadTiltrotorunmannedaerialvehicleiscapableofverticaltake-off,hovering,high-speedcruising,andfunctioningwithahighpayloadcapacity,whileremainingefficientandstable.Thiscouldbeusedforairbornegeophysicalprospecting,airtransportandairpicturingorarelatedfield.ThenewQuadTiltrotoraircraftisonthebasisofthetraditionaltiltrotoraircraft,however,tworotorshavebeeninstalledontheheadandthetailofthefuselage,whichmaketheaircraftmoresecureandefficientintheswitchingprocessbetweenhelicoptermodeandfixed-wingplanemode.ThemainpurposeofthenewQuadTiltrotorunmannedaerialvehiclesisforverticalflight.Therefore,thetworotorsonbothsidesofthefixedwingsareangledsothattheplaneofrotationishorizontal.ThenewQuadTiltrotoraircraftliftsthesamewayahelicopterdoes,andthenaftertake-off,thetworotorsontheheadandtailofthefuselagerotate,providingtheaircraftwithforwardspeed.Whenthevelocityreachesacertainvalve,theliftforcethatthefixedwingsproduceisequaltothegravityoftheaircraft.Atthismoment,thetworotorsonbothsidesofthefixedwingsdonotrotateuntilthetiltabledevicesmakethemtumforward90degreestotheverticalposition.Andatthismoment,thefourrotorsareabletoproduceenoughforwardforcethattheaircraftcanflylikeafixed-wingpropelleraircraftwhichdependsontheliftthatisgeneratedfromthefixedwings.Bycontrollingtherotationalspeedoftherotorsandtheailerons,wecancontrolthepitching,yawingandrollingoftheaircraft.Thisalsoeliminatestheneedforthehorizontaltailandverticaltailwhichreducestheweightofthestructure,increasesthepayload,andimprovesthemaneuverabilityandstealthperformance.Inthispape巳thesoftwareCATIAisusedtoproducethethree-dimensionalmodelofthenewQuadTiltrotorunmannedaerialvehicle.ThenthedataoftheaircraftisinputtedintothesoftwareGambit.Finally,theforcearotorgenerates,theliftcoefficient,thedragcoefficientandthepitchingmomentcoefficientunderthedifferentflightstatesarecalculatedbythesoftwareFLUENT.Theanalysisofthenumericalsimulationonaerodynamiccharacteristicsoftheaircraftwillcertainlybeareferenceforthetiltrotoraircraftstructureoptimizationinthefuture.Keywords:Tiltrotor,OverallDesign,AerodynamicPerformance,NumericalSimulation南昌航空大学硕士学位论文目录3目录摘要...............................................................................................................................................IAbstract.....目录.....................................................................................................................................................................···.......................................III第一章绪论............................................................................................................................11.1研究背景与意义........................................................................................................................11.1.1倾转旋翼机在军事领域中的应用...............................................................................21.1.2倾转旋翼机的民用前景..................................................................................................................31.2国内外研究现状........................................................................................................................41.2.1国外研究现状................................................................................................................41.2.2国内研究现状.................................................................................................................71.3本文的主要研究内容...............................................................................................................8第二章倾转旋翼无人飞行器总体设计..................................................................................................................................92.1设计要求....................................................................................................................................92.2倾转旋翼无人飞行器总体方案......................