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PrinciplesofriskassessmentRiskassessmenttrainingcourse风险评价培训课程Module1模块1Principlesofriskassessment风险评估的原则Principlesofriskassessment•Understandingtheprinciplesandpracticalitiesofriskassessment•理解风险评估的原则和实用性•Understandingriskevaluation•理解风险评估•Selectingcontrolmeasures选择控制措施•Implementingcontrolmeasures执行控制措施•Monitoringandreviewing监督和审查Sessionoutcomes会议成果PrinciplesofriskassessmentManagementRegulations(1999)aretheumbrellaregulationsRequireemployerto:•Identifyhazards•Assessrisks•Eliminateorcontrolexposuretorisks•Writeitdownifsignificant管理条例（1999年）是伞法规要求用人单位：识别危险评估风险消除或控制风险暴露如果重大写下来Legalbackground法律背景Principlesofriskassessment•Whatarethehazards?有哪些危害源？•Whoisdoingwhat,where&when?()ANDWhoelsemightbeaffectedbywhatisdone?•谁在做什么，在哪里和什么时候？（）？还有谁可能被做了什么影响？•Whatisthedegreeofrisk?风险程度是什么？•Whatdoweneedto,orcanwe,dotocontrol(eliminate/minimise)exposuretotherisk?•我们需要什么，或者我们可以，做控制（消除/最小化）风险暴露程度？•Howwillwemonitorthework/people?我们将如何监督工作/人RiskAssessment–the5steps风险评估-5个步骤PrinciplesofriskassessmentWhatcomesfirst?什么是第一位的？Evenbeforethe5steps–onequestion:Whatisitwehave/want/wouldliketodo?Wecancallthis:-•Thetask•Thejobtodo•TheprocedureEverythingcanbecoveredinthiswayPrinciplesofriskassessmentLet’shavesomeexamples让我们举一些例子PrinciplesofriskassessmentHazardandRisk危险源和风险Hazard危险源thepotentialtocauseharmordamage潜在的造成伤害或损害Risk风险thechanceofthatharmoccurring伤害发生的可能性Calculatedas-计算方法为-potentialseverityofharm潜在伤害严重性(theconsequence后果–ordamage损害)xlikelihoodofeventoccurring发生事件的可能性Principlesofriskassessment•WhatwillIbeusing/doing?•HowmuchdoIknowaboutwhatIamusing/doing?•Whatfactorsorpropertiescouldtherebethataffectthelevelofhazard(notrisk)?Hazardidentification危险源辨识•DoIreallyhavetodothework/taskatall?•CanIsubstitutesomethinglesshazardous?•我可以替代一些危险性小的东西？PrinciplesofriskassessmentWhoisaffectedbythework?谁被工作影响？•Thosewhodothework做这些工作的人•Maturity•Experience经验•Healthandimmunestatus健康和免疫状态•Medication药物治疗•Disability残疾•Pregnancy怀孕•Othersintheworkplace其他在工作场所的人•Cleaningandmaintenancestaff清洁和维修员工•Visitors访客•External–includingneighbours外部-包括邻居PrinciplesofriskassessmentCanweworkouthowhightheriskis?我们可以计算出的风险有多高？•Whatcouldgowrong?什么会出错呢？•Whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?什么是可能发生的最糟糕的？Consequence–severity后果-严重Likelihood可能性•Howoftenmustitbedone?操作频次？•Howmanypeopledoit?多少人做？•Iseveryonedoingitcompetentandtrained?•每个操作的人是否胜任和被培训？PrinciplesofriskassessmentWheredoourrisksfitonthespectrum?我们的风险在矩阵图上适合在哪里？Howlikely?可能性有多大？Howbad?多么糟糕？PrinciplesofriskassessmentEvaluatingtherisk评估风险1.Highlyunlikely很不可能2.Possibly或许3.Quitelikely很有可能4.Verylikely非常可能1.Slightharm轻微伤害2.Injuryaffectingwork伤病影响工作3.Seriousinjury重伤4.Possiblefatality可能死亡PrinciplesofriskassessmentRiskMatrix风险矩阵4812163691224681234PrinciplesofriskassessmentRiskMatrix风险矩阵4812163691224681234PrinciplesofriskassessmentRiskMatrix–Doesitwork?风险矩阵-它的工作原理？4Tolerable可容忍8Significant重大12Unacceptable不可接受16Unacceptable不可接受3Insignificant微不足道6Tolerable可容忍9Significant重大12Unacceptable不可接受2Insignificant微不足道4Tolerable可容忍6Tolerable可容忍8Significant重大1Insignificant微不足道2Insignificant微不足道3Insignificant微不足道4Tolerable可容忍PrinciplesofriskassessmentControllingtherisk控制风险Unacceptable不可接受–stopdoingituntilimprovementsmade停止这样做，直到做了改进Significant重大的-proceedwithcautionbutimprovementhighpriority谨慎操作但改善高优先等级Tolerable可容忍的-OKtoproceedbutplantoimprove继续进行但计划改善Insignificant微不足道-Anyimprovementslowpriority任何改善（低优先级）PrinciplesofriskassessmentControllingtherisk控制风险•Decidemeasurestobetaken确定要采取的措施•Implementthemaccordingtopriority•根据优先级别实现他们•Confirmmeasuresappropriateandwork确认措施适当和有效PrinciplesofriskassessmentMonitoringandReview检测和审查Monitoring检测•‘Live’natureofassessments评估的性质•Possiblemodificationtoprocedures程序的可能变更Review审查•Identifieschangestoprocedures识别程序的变化•Possiblemodificationtoassessment评估的可能修改