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被动语态（thePassiveVoice)一．语态语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词就要用被动语态。二．被动语态的基本结构be+过去分词（人称.数.时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）三.被动语态适用情况1当我们不知道动作的执行者时；2我们不必提出动作执行者时；3要强调动作承受者时；4出于行文的需要四.主动句与被动句的转换主动句的结构：主语+谓语+宾语+其它成分被动句的结构：宾语+be+动词过去分词+by+主语(宾格)+其它成分可以省略e.g.1.PeopleuseEnglishfreely.(主动句）Englishisused(bypeople)freely.(被动句）五．被动语态的八种时态（时态是表示行为．动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式）１．一般现在时结构：主语＋am/is/are+过去分词e.g.主动句：Shecleansherroomeveryday.被动句：Herroomiscleaned(byher)everyday.(肯定句）否定句：Herroomisn’tcleaned(byher)everyday.一般疑问句：Isherroomcleaned(byher)everyday?注意：被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致．2.一般过去时结构：主语＋was/were+过去分词e.g.主动句：TheworkersmadetheVCDlastweek.被动句：TheVCDwasmadebytheworkerslastweek.(肯定句)否定句:TheVCDwasn’tmadebytheworkerslastweek.一般疑问句：WastheVCDmadebytheworkerslastweek?3.一般将来时结构：主语＋willbe+过去分词e.g.主动句：MyfatherwillsendmetoAmericasoon.被动句：肯定句：IwillbesenttoAmericabymyfathersoon.否定句：Iwon’tbesenttoAmericabymyfathersoon.一般疑问句：WillyoubesenttoAmericabyyourfathersoon?4.过去将来时结构：主语＋wouldbe+过去分词e.g.主动句：Hesaidhewouldpunishthenaughtyboytonight.被动句:肯定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldbepunishedbyhimtonight.否定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbepunishedbyhimtonight.5.现在进行时结构：主语＋am/is/are+being+过去分词e.g.主动句：Heistellingastorynow.被动句：肯定句：Astoryisbeingtoldbyhimnow.否定句：Astoryisn’tbeingtoldbyhimnow.一般疑问句：Isastorybeingtoldbyhimnow?6.过去进行时结构：主语＋was/were+being+过去分词e.g.主动句：HewastellingastorywhenIcamein.被动句：肯定句：AstorywasbeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein.否定句：Astorywasn’tbeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein.一般疑问句：WasastorybeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein?7.现在完成时结构：主语＋have/has+been+过去分词e.g.主动句:Theboyhasfinishedthework.被动句:肯定句:Theworkhasbeenfinishedbytheboy.否定句:Theworkhasn’tbeenfinishedbytheboy.一般疑问句:Hastheworkbeenfinishedbytheboy?8.过去完成时结构:主语+had+been+过去分词e.g.主动句:Theyhadbuilttenbuildingsby2003.被动句:肯定句:Tenbuildingshadbeenbuiltbythemby2003.否定句:Tenbuildingshadn’tbeenbuiltbythemby2003.一般疑问句:Hadtenbuildingsbeenbuiltbythemby2003?练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.5.TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.6.TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass.练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishisspokenbypeople.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.ComputersweremadeintheU.S.Abythem.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.Kniveswereusedforcuttingthingsbypeople.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.Metalwasusedformakingmachinesbypeople.5.TheywillproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.SilkwillbeproducedinSuzhouandHangzhoubythem.6.TheyarespeakingEnglishinclass.Englishisbeingspokeninclassbythem.7.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.8.Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear.9.Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees.10.Theboysweresingingsongsat8:00yesterdayevening.7.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.Theirhomeworkhasbeenfinishedbythem.8.Ihadlearnedthreecoursesbytheendoflastyear.Threecourseshadbeenlearnedbymebytheendoflastyear.9.Theysaidthattheywouldplantmoretrees.Theysaidthatmoretreeswouldbeplantedbythem.10.Theboysweresingingsongsat8:00yesterdayevening.Songswerebeingsungbytheboysat8:00yesterdayevening.六.被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.当动词带有复合宾语(宾补)，其宾补是带有“to”的动词不定式时，和一般的被动句变化一样。e.g.LilyasksmetohelpLucy.被动句：IamaskedtohelpLucybyLily.3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见的动词有givebuy,tell,teach…e.g.Theygivemesomeapples.被动句：Iamgivensomeapplesbythem.Someapplesaregiventomebythem.e.g.Hetoldthechildsomestories.被动句：Thechildwastoldsomestoriesbyhim.Somestoriesweretoldtothechildbyhim.e.g.JackteachesusEnglish.被动句：WearetaughtEnglishbyJack.EnglishistaughttousbyJack.e.g.Sheboughtmeabook.被动句：Iwasboughtabookbyher.(语法正确,不用)Abookwasboughtformebyher.练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.LuXunwrotethisbook.2.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.3.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.4.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.5.Wetookcareofthethings.练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.LuXunwrotethisbook.ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.2.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.Somebridgeswerebuiltbytheworkers.3.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.HisfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei.4.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.Thebabywaslookedafterintheroombythemother.5.Wetookcareofthethings.Thethingsweretakencareofbyus.6.Theygaveussomework.7.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.8.Mymotherbuysmeabike.9.Lucyiswateringthetrees.10.Theboywillmendhisbike.6.Theygaveussomework.Weweregivensomeworkbythem.Someworkwasgiventousbythem.7.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.Theyweremadetolaughallthetimebytheboy.8.Mymotherbuysmeabike.Iamboughtabikebymymother.Abikeisboughtformebymymother.9.Lucyiswateringthetrees.ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy.10.Theboywillmendhisbike.Hisbikewillbemendedbytheboy.11.Wehavefinished