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Youarewhatyouwrite！托福写作很重要，语法词汇不可少，多练多看多比较，表达句式用得巧，有理有利还有节，满分一定能拿到。课程设置•托福写作介绍•独立写作：•语言修饰：•综合写作：•题目串讲：揭开托福写作的神秘面纱写作是表达，而不是翻译•美中不足：•AmericanChinanofoot;•Aflyintheointment•心花怒放：•Heartflowerangryopen;•bewildwithjoy•红颜知己：•Redfaceknowme;•Female/MaleIntimate•人山人海•peoplemountainpeoplesea•hugecrowdsofpeople•马马虎虎•Horsehorsetigertiger•Fairtomiddling•不三不四•Nothreenofour•neitherfishnorfowl我们为什么考托福？试试看•出国留学可以学习知识，增强阅历，为未来打下基础！•Bystudyingabroad,weaccumulateknowledge,gainnewexperienceandprepareourselvesforthefuture.•Studyingabroadhelpsusaccumulateknowledge,gainnewexperiencesandprepareourselvesforthefuture.•Ourknowledgeandexperiencesforfuturedevelopmentscanbeaccumulatedbystudyingabroad.•Studyingabroad,wecangainknowledge,experiences,andskillsforfuturedevelopments.•Bringingnewknowledgeandmoreexperiences,studyingabroadisbeneficialforourfuturedevelopments.句子三种训练方法•多种方法表达同一句意；•扩充丰富已有句型；•对句式进行各种变换。再试试•我认为，我同意这个观点：勤奋才能成功。•Iagreewiththeidea:IwillsucceedifIworkhard.用高级词汇替换低级词汇•Isupporttheannouncement:IwillsucceedifIsparenoeffortforworking.添加副词和形容词•Istronglysupporttheclassicalannouncement:IwilldefinitelysucceedifIsparenoeffortforworking.找出潜在的逻辑关系•Accordingtomypersonalexperienceandeducation,Istronglysupporttheclassicalannouncement:finalsuccessresultsfromhard-work.•Basedonmypersonalexperienceandeducationalbackground,Istronglysupporttheclassicalsaying:finalsuccesscomesfromcontinualhard-work.•Iagreewiththeidea:IwillsucceedifIworkhard.•Basedonmypersonalexperienceandeducationalbackground,Istronglysupporttheclassicalsaying:finalsuccesscomesfromcontinualhard-working.如果既不了解敌人，又不了解自己，你就完蛋了！“Ifyouknowneitheryourselfnoryourenemy,youwillalwaysendangeryourself”Ifyouknowneithervocabularynorgrammar,youwillalwaysendangeryourself!你了解自己吗？•Peopleworkinginbigcompanyaresupposedtousecomputer.•Thereisanevidencethatadvertisingprofoundlyaffectshumanbeingtheworldover.•Thepersonwithbroadandprofoundknowledgecanhaveabetterlifethanthepersonwhodoesnot.•Themanbittenbythehomelessdoghasdied.•ThemajorityofChinesearefondofwatchingtelevision.•Alargeamountofpeoplegoabroadtolearnknowledge.•Judgmentsmadeinmostofthebookarebelievable.•Dinosaurshaveextincted.拼写重要吗？•pattime•pronouncation•changeablewritting•truelysuceed•ninteenth•maintenance一、托福写作介绍分值换算表RawScoreScaledScore5.00304.75294.50284.25274.00253.75243.5223.25213.0020PercentileRankiBTScaledScorePercentileRank3097.92995.92893.42790.52587.22482.92277.42172.4IntegratedwritingReading:3mins,200-300wordsListening:2mins,200-300wordsWriting:20mins,150-225wordsIndependentWritingWriting:30mins，300-400wordsETS会做的是：•数字数•数每段句子数、每个句子的平均字数•单词的字母数•逻辑衔接词的使用数量•是人数的！写作须知•不要写标题•禁止使用启示语气•写作格式：缩行式（首句空4到6个字母）空行式（段与段之间空一行）•标点符号后面要空格•句子首字母要大写，专有名词首字母大写I，China，Japanese（日语）,ShanyuanStreet,ThePulitzerPrize。•英式英语还是美式英语？•colo(u)r,program(me),labo(u)r•书面语还是口语？•当然是书面语•BTW，Udunno，&，@•∵∴•♀♂•4u•2Bornot2B,that’sa?推荐书目•TPO•OG,Delta’sKey,Kaplan,Barron,Princeton•词汇：•俞敏洪《TOEFL词汇：词根+联想记忆法》•张洪伟、戴云《托福10000词》•语法：•戴云《托福语法满分精要》•张道真《实用英语语法》推荐网站•托福机经网•小马过河•太傻、寄托天下•新东方批改网二、独立写作5分标准•Effectivelyaddressesthetopicandtask•Wellorganizedandwelldeveloped•Appropriateexplanations,exemplificationsanddetails•Unity,progressionandcoherence•Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoiceandidiomaticity.•Minorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors4分标准•butmaycontainoccasionalredundancy,orlackofclarity,digression,orunclearconnections•andcontainssentencevarietyandarangeofvocabulary,butmayhaveoccasionalnoticeableminorlanguageerrorsthatdonotinterferewithmeaning.3分标准•butconnectionsamongideasmaybeoccasionallyobscured,unclear;•orinconsistentinusinglanguageeffectively,witherrorsingrammarandvocabularythatoccasionallyobscuremeaning•butlimitedrangeofsyntacticstructuresandvocabulary《官方指南》的话考生是否赞同某一观点并不重要，评分人员经过培训可以接受所有不同类型的观点重要的是考生在议论中具备的能力：⑴直接切入问题的能力，⑵明确提出主张的能力，以及写出⑶结构严谨⑷例证恰当⑸句子多样化且⑹结构正确文章的能力。独立写作圣经1•第一要义，观点要表达清楚•不基于考生的真实身份，可以造假•只考语言水平，不侧重思想水平•不测试考生的真实想法•写作基于表达，不基于翻译独立写作圣经2•不同于平时的写作•内容、语言同等重要，不要过分追求语言•观点的层次比观点的数量更重要•逻辑错误比语言错误重要•跑题你就完蛋了关于字数•通常，一篇作文大约需要300词。少于300词的作文也能获得高分，但是经验表明，较短的作文无法对一些论点展开讨论，而要获得5分的成绩，对论点的讨论是必须的。比字数更重要的作文数字没有上限，但是不要为写而写，应针对话题有的放矢。观点的数目固然重要，但评分人员更看重观点的质量和陈述观点的有效性。1、独立写作分类题型分类-1•1、观点选择：Whichwouldyouprefer…•2、比较对比：ratherthan;as…as;compare•3、自主定义：在一定范围内自主选择观点选择类Someprefertoworkforalargecompany.Othersprefertoworkforasmallcompany.Whichwouldyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown,Othersprefertoliveinabigcity,whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.比较对比类Ithasbeensaid,“Noteverythingthatislearnediscontainedinbooks.”CompareandContrastknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithknowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,Whichsourceismoreimportant?Why?•Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Beingcreative，ratherthanplanningcarefully,helpspeoplecomeupwiththebestsolutiontoproblems.•Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplethinkitismoreenjoyabletoworkthreedaysaweekforlongtimethantoworkfivedaysaweekforshortertime.Acompanyhasannouncedthatitwishestobuildalargefactor