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1第九讲阅读理解专题顾名思义，阅读指的是看，理解指的是懂，阅读理解就是针对所给出的英语文章，考查你是否能结合社会文化背景知识和语言知识通过它的细节描述和逻辑关系获取相关信息的综合能力。阅读理解常考的题材有：(1)记叙文——把握人物，地点，时间，情节发展线索。(2)说明文——要以事物为中心进行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互关系等。(3)议论文——抓住论点,论据，论证。(4)应用文——抓标题，格式，数据。阅读理解常考的题型有：（一）细节理解题（二）主旨大意题（三）词义猜测题（四）推理判断题（五）根据短文内容，判断正误阅读理解的解题技巧：（1）通读全文，掌握大意。学会快速阅读，留意短文的开头和结尾。（2）细审题意，获取信息。审题时要弄清楚问的是细节（如人物、时间、地点）还是主旨大意；是事实还是观点；是从正面还是从反面问。（3）分层推理，正确答题。有些理解题可以直接从短文中找到答案。有些深层次的理解题要经过分析推理，根据作者的意图，凭借自己的社会文化知识和生活经验进行合乎逻辑的推理。2（一）细节理解题细节理解题在阅读理解中占的比重较大，而且做好细节题是做好其他类型理解题的基础。所以细节题相对来说虽然较容易，但其地位重要，做好细节题意义重大，我们切不可掉以轻心。（1）考查方式：①WhichofthefollowingstatementisNottrue?②WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedinthetext?③Theauthor/passagestatesthat...④Allthefollowingistrueexcept...⑤Accordingtothepassage,5wand1h(when/where/why/what/who/how)..?⑥Inwhatorderarethefollowingmentionedinthetext?【总结】细节题考查的方式很多，一般包括：1)是非判断题；2)特殊疑问词提问类型题；3)排序题。根据文章中某个细节，提出问题，______(能/不能）在文章找出答案，需要我们认真细读文章的每个细节。（2）解题步骤：步骤一：读题（只看问题不看选项，以免增加干扰，先入为主），找出关键词一些同学往往抓不住什么是关键词，下面给出一些关键词的表现：①题目中带有大写或斜体的词(专有名词)②题目中年代，数字和百分数有关的词（数词）③比较醒目的名词（长的词）④出题顺序多半和行文顺序相同步骤二：带着关键词，回读原文，找到定位句。（一句或两句）找到定位句没必要一下搞懂它的意思，因为有的句子要结合上下文才能理解，这时候只是简单的看下原句的整个句子表达跟答案选项中句子有哪些出入，一般分为以下三种情况：①与定位句相近，但是替换了个别词②与定位句意思相反③定位句之外的，即表达跟定位句不是一个东西步骤三：读懂定位句脑海中要大致有个印象。这时候就要细心读定位句了。3出题人思路一般有以下两个：①无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目；②张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。步骤四：再次对比选项，找出与定位句意思相同或表达的意思相同的选项。注意，是意思相同，不是句型最接近，很多同学就在这儿栽跟头了。很多考题看起来答案跟原文没差别，事实上他们会把经常替换把有时候，有一些替换为很多，考生如果稍不注意就会很容易出错。此外。这类题一般可以直接答，没必要采取排除法。因为一是浪费时间，二是答案以外的选项都是胡编乱造的。(A)Onceuponatime,therewasalargemountainside,whereaneagle’snestrested.Therewerefourlargeeagleeggsintheeagle’snest.Onedayanearthquakerockedthemountainandoneoftheeggstorolldownthemountaintoachickenfarmlocatedinthevalleybelow.Thehensbegantoprotectandcareforthelargeegg.Oneday,theegghatched(孵化)andabeautifuleaglewasborn.Sadly,however,theeaglewasraisedasachicken.Soon,theeaglebelievedhewasnothingmorethanachicken.Theeaglelovedhishomeandfamily,buthisspiritcriedoutformore.Whileplayingagameonthefarmoneday,theeaglelookedtotheskyaboveandnoticedagroupofstrongeaglesflyinginthesky.Oh,”theeaglecried,“IwishIcouldflylikethosebirds.”Thechickenslaughedathim,youcannotflylikethosebirds.Youareachickenandchickenscannotfly.”Theeaglecontinuedlookingathisrealfamily,dreamingthathecouldbewiththem.Eachtimetheeaglewouldlethisdreambeknown.Hewastolditcouldn’tbedone.Thatiswhattheeaglelearnedtobelieve.Theeagle,atlast,stoppeddreamingandcontinuedtolivehislifelikeachicken.Finally,afteralonglifeasachicken,theeagledied.Themoralofthestory:Youbecomewhatyoubelieveyouare,soifyoueverdreamtobecomeaneagle,followyourdreamsbutnotthewordsofachildren.词汇积累：mountainside/'maʊntɪnsaɪd/n.山腰；山坡eagle/'iːg(ə)l/n.鹰4nest/nest/n.巢earthquake/'ɜːθkweɪk/n.地震rock/rɒk/v.摇动roll/rəʊl/v.滚动located/ləu'keitid/adj.位于valley/'vælɪ/n.山谷below/bɪ'ləʊ/prep.在…下面protect/prə'tekt/v.保护hatch/hætʃ/v.孵raise/reɪz/v.提高；养育notice/'nəʊtɪs/v.注意到continue/kən'tɪnjuː/v.继续moral/'mɒr(ə)l/n.道德；寓意follow/'fɒləʊ/v.跟随；追随(1)Whydidthehensprotectandcareforthelargeegg?A.Thehenswantedtomakefriendswiththeeagle.B.Thehensknewthattheeaglewouldkillthemiftheydidn’tdoso.C.Thehensthoughtitwasoneoftheireggs.D.Thehenswantedtoeatitwhenitbecameaneagle.(2)Whatwasthedifferencebetweentheeagleandothereagles?A.Hecouldflyhigherthanothereagles.B.Hebelievedhewasonlyachicken.C.Hewantedtoeatthechickensoneday.D.Hewassurethathecouldflyhighoneday.(3)Whydidtheeaglebelievehecouldnotflyhigh?A.Hewastoldhecouldnotdothatagainandagainandbelievedatlast.B.Hetriedseveraltimesbuthefailed.C.Hewouldbebeatenbyhenswhenhetried.D.Hethoughteaglescouldnotflyhigh.（B）WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youfinditnotclevertoputanEnglishsentence,wordforword,intoyourownlanguage.Takethesentence“Howdoyoudo?”asanexample.Ifyoulookupeachwordinthedictionary,oneatatime,whatisyourtranslation?Itmustbeawrongsentenceinyourownlanguage.Languagedonotjusthavedifferentsounds,theyaredifferentinmanyways.It’simportanttomastertherulesforwordorderinthestudyofEnglish,too.Ifthespeakersputwordsinawrongorder,thelistenercan’tunderstandthespeaker’ssentenceeasily.SometimeswhentheorderofwordsinanEnglishsentencechanges,themeaningofthesentencechanges.5Butsometimestheorderchanges,themeaningofthesentencedoesn’tchange.Let’sseethedifferencebetweenthetwosentences.“Sheonlylikesapples.”“Onlyshelikesapples.”“Ihaveseenthefilmalready.”“Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.”WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youmustdoyourbesttogetthespiritofthelanguageanduseitastheEnglishspeakersdo.词汇积累：sentence/'sent(ə)ns/n.句子own/əʊn/adj.自己的language/'læŋgwɪdʒ/n.语言dictionary/'dɪkʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ/n.字典translation/træns'leɪʃ(ə)n;trɑːns-;-nz-/n.翻译master/'mɑːstə/v.精通rules/ruːlz/n./数/规则order/'ɔːdə/n.命令；顺序difference/'dɪf(ə)r(ə)ns/n.差异spirit/'spɪrɪt/n.精神speaker/'spiːkə/n.演讲者；说话者(1)Fromthepassageweknowthat__________whenwearelearningEnglish.A.wemustreadwordbywordB.weneedtoputeverywordintoourownlanguageC.weshouldn’tputeverywordintoourownlanguageD.weshouldn’tlookupeverywordinthedictionary(2)Thewriterthinksitis__________inlearningEnglish.A.importanttomastertherulesindifferentwaysB.difficulttounderstanddiffer