英语句子成分及结构句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1主语主语是动作的发出者。它在句首。WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.(“谁”)Theclassroomisveryclean.(“什么”)Threewereabsent.(数词作主语)ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.(不定式作主语)ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.(注不定式作主语常用形式主语it句型)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(动名词作主语)2谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须用动词,放在主语后面,且主谓一致。HisParentsaredoctors.(系动词作谓语)Shelookswell.(系动词作谓语)Westudyhard.(实义动词作谓语)HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词和实义动词作谓语)3表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”。表语位于系动词后面。Youlookhappy.(形容词作表语)Iamateacher.(名词作表语)Everybodyishere.(副词作表语)Theyareathomenow.(介词短语作表语)MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.(不定式作表语)4.宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。Sheisplayingthepianonow.(名词作宾语)Heoftenhelpsme.(代词作宾语)Helikestosleepintheopenair.(不定式作宾语)WeenjoylivinginChina.(动名词作宾语)5状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。Hediditcarefully.(副词作状语)Withouthishelp,wecouldn'tworkitout.(介词短语作状语)(Inorder)tocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.(不定式作目的状语)6定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。Theblackbikeismine.主语部分(形容词作定语)Whatisyourname?表语(代词作定语)Theymadepaperflowers.宾语(名词作定语)TheboysintheroomareinClassThreeGradeOne.(介词短语作定语)Ihavesomethingtodo.(不定式作定语)二.简单句的基本句型介绍:1.句型一:主谓结构(谓语动词是不及物动词vi.)动词分及物动词和不及物动词:谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词:sleep睡觉walk步行swim游泳happen发生come来work工作laugh笑如:1.Wecome.2.Thesunrises.3.Herunsinthepark.注意有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词,后面就可以加宾语了。Youmustlistentome.2.基本句型二:S+V系+P(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。如:1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner│smells│good.3.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。可分四类:1.表“是”如:be“是”(am,is,are,was,were)2.表“感觉”如:look看起来feel感到,sound听起来,smell闻起来,seem似乎3.表“变”如:get变得,turn变得,grow变得,go变得,come变得,become成为4.表“保持”如:keep保持,stay保持常用连系动词的用法:①变成,变得:become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow;流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;get/become口语化,如果要说就用它.②保持某种状态:keep,lie,remain,stand,stay.③看起来,好像:appear,look,seem.④感官动词:feel,smell,sound,taste.注意:Therebe结构:Therebe表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词“there那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示“(存在)有某事物”。试比较:Thereisaboythere.(那儿有一个男孩。)前一个there无实义,后一个there为副词‘那里’3.基本句型三:S+Vt+O(主+及物+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。5如:1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│admits│thathewasmistaken4.基本句型四:S+Vt+IO+DO(主+及物+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。eg:give/pass/bring/showGivemeacupofteaplease./PassourEnglishteacherthebook./Bringittome,please./ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.2.He│brought│you│adictionary.A:动词后加togive给show给……看send寄,打电报bring带……read读……pass递给……lend借给……leave留给……hand交给……tell告诉……return把……还给…write给……写信throw扔……promise答应……refuse拒绝B:动词后加formake生产,制造……buy买do做get得到play演奏order命令sing唱歌5.基本句型五:S+Vt+O+OC(主+及物+宾+宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。Thewarmadehimasoldier.(名词)Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.(形容词)Ioftenfindhimatwork.(介词短语)Theteacherasksthestudentstoclosethewindows.(不定式)Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.(现在分词)Ourteacherfoundthewindowsclosed.(过去分词).We│called│theboy│Jim.句子结构分析练习题一.选出下列句子的基本句型。a,S+Vib,S+Vt+Pc,S+V系+Od,S+Vt+IO+DOe,S+Vt+O+OC1.Pleastellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Ihavealotworktodo._____4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____5.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____6.Pleaselookatthepicture._____二.写出下列句子的基本句型。1.Whocares?2.Everythinglooksdifferent.3.Hisfaceturnedred.4.Heenjoysreading.5.HesaidGoodmorning.6.Shelookedaftertheoldman.7.Ourteambeatalltheothers.8.Ishowedhimmypictures.9.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.10.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.11.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.12.Theyfoundthedoorclosed.13.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.14.Isawthemgettingonthebus.三.划分句子成分1.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.